Electronics Design: Master Electronic Circuits and Systems

Question 1

Which electronic component can control or influence the flow of electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Transistor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 2

Which of the following components is not typically found in digital circuits?

Accepted Answer

Transformer

Answer

Diode

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Question 3

Which component in an electric circuit is specifically designed to store electrical energy?

Accepted Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Diode

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a digital logic gate?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

AND

Answer

NAND

Answer

XOR

Question 5

Within an electronic circuit, what is the primary purpose of a capacitor?

Accepted Answer

Storing electrical charge

Answer

Conducting electricity

Answer

Resisting electrical flow

Answer

Amplifying signals

Question 6

In electrical circuits, what is the unit of measurement for current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Volt

Answer

Coulomb

Question 7

In the International System of Units (SI), what is the unit of capacitance?

Accepted Answer

Farad

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Henry

Answer

Volt

Question 8

Which component is typically not found in a basic transistor amplifier circuit?

Accepted Answer

Inductor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Transistor

Question 9

What quantity measures the resistance to the flow of electrical current?

Accepted Answer

Resistance

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Power

Question 10

Operational amplifiers are widely used in electronic circuits due to their ability to amplify signals. What is a key characteristic of their input impedance?

Accepted Answer

Very high, minimizing current draw from the input source.

Answer

Very low, allowing easy current flow into the amplifier.

Answer

Variable, depending on the circuit configuration and feedback components.

Answer

Negligible, making the amplifier behave like an ideal voltage source.

Question 11

When converting an analogue signal to a digital signal using an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC), which error is specifically introduced during this process?

Accepted Answer

Quantisation error

Answer

Johnson noise

Answer

Aliasing error

Answer

Crosstalk error

Question 12

In a simple series circuit consisting only of resistors, what happens to the total resistance as additional resistors are connected in series?

Accepted Answer

The total resistance increases proportionally to the number of resistors.

Answer

The total resistance stays the same.

Answer

The total resistance decreases proportionally to the number of resistors.

Answer

The total resistance increases exponentially with the number of resistors.

Question 13

When a diode is forward-biased, what is its resistance?

Accepted Answer

Low

Answer

High

Answer

Infinite

Question 14

Which of the following features is usually not included in modern microcontrollers?

Accepted Answer

Floating-point unit (FPU)

Answer

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Answer

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

Answer

Timer/counter

Question 15

When a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is in the saturation region, how does it behave?

Accepted Answer

Acts like a closed switch, allowing current to flow from collector to emitter

Answer

Acts like an open switch, blocking current flow

Answer

Amplifies the input signal

Answer

Operates in its linear region

Question 16

Which of the following is an **active** component in an electronic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Transistor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 17

In an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC), what is the primary function of the reference voltage?

Accepted Answer

To provide a stable and accurate voltage reference for the conversion process

Answer

To set the maximum measurable analogue voltage

Answer

To create a digital signal representing the analogue input

Question 18

In a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), which component directly compares the analogue input signal to a reference voltage to produce a digital output?

Accepted Answer

Comparator

Answer

Amplifier

Question 19

Which of the following components is commonly integrated into a microcontroller?

Accepted Answer

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Answer

Frequency modulator

Answer

LCD display

Answer

High-voltage power supply

Question 20

Which of these is NOT a semiconductor device?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

Integrated Circuit (IC)

Answer

Transistor

Answer

Diode

Question 21

Which property is NOT characteristic of an ideal operational amplifier?

Accepted Answer

Limited gain

Answer

Infinite input impedance

Answer

Zero output impedance

Question 22

What is the unit of measurement for capacitance?

Accepted Answer

Farad

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Henry

Answer

Ohm

Question 23

When designing an electronic circuit, which factor is crucial to consider first to ensure its proper functioning?

Accepted Answer

Determining Power Supply Needs

Answer

Identifying Compatible Components

Answer

Establishing Signal Processing Requirements

Answer

Defining Output Device Specifications

Question 24

In digital circuits, what is the main function of a logic gate?

Accepted Answer

Perform logical operations on binary inputs and generate a binary output

Answer

Store electrical energy

Answer

Amplify electrical signals

Question 25

Which factors primarily affect the accuracy and resolution of an analogue-to-digital converter's digital output?

Accepted Answer

Sampling rate, quantization levels, and noise

Answer

Input voltage range, output voltage range, and conversion time

Answer

Power supply voltage, operating temperature, and component tolerances

Answer

Input signal frequency, output signal frequency, and data transfer rate

Question 26

In a circuit with two capacitors, C1 and C2, connected in series, how is the total capacitance (C_total) calculated?

Accepted Answer

C_total is the reciprocal of the sum of 1/C1 and 1/C2.

Answer

C_total is the sum of C1 and C2.

Answer

C_total is the average of C1 and C2.

Question 27

In a basic electrical circuit, which component is essential for protecting the LED when the switch is closed?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

Battery

Answer

Switch

Answer

LED

Question 28

In a series circuit, how can you practically increase the voltage across a specific resistor without changing the current flow?

Accepted Answer

Increase the power supply's voltage

Answer

Decrease the resistor's resistance

Answer

Increase the resistor's resistance

Answer

Decrease the power supply's voltage

Question 29

In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by adding the individual resistances. Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

True. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

Answer

False. The total resistance is less than the sum of the individual resistances.

Answer

False. The total resistance is greater than the sum of the individual resistances.

Answer

True. The total resistance is the average of the individual resistances.

Question 30

Which factors affect the resistance of a resistor, and how can these factors be adjusted?

Accepted Answer

Material, length, and cross-sectional area

Answer

Material and length only

Answer

Cross-sectional area and length only

Answer

Resistance cannot be varied

Question 31

Which methods are used for input and output (I/O) operations in microcontrollers?

Accepted Answer

Polling, interrupts, and direct memory access (DMA)

Answer

Polling and interrupts only

Answer

Interrupts and DMA only

Question 32

What is the main purpose of a voltage regulator in a power supply?

Accepted Answer

To keep the output voltage steady even when the input voltage or load current changes

Answer

To increase the input voltage to a higher level

Answer

To change alternating current (AC) voltage to direct current (DC) voltage

Question 33

In a semiconductor, which term describes the charge carriers that are present in the highest concentration?

Accepted Answer

Majority carriers

Answer

Minority carriers

Answer

Holes

Answer

Electrons

Question 34

Identify the symbol that represents a NOT logic gate:

Accepted Answer

A circle with a slash through it

Answer

A triangle with a horizontal line above it

Answer

A square divided in half by a vertical line

Answer

A circle with two lines extending from it

Question 35

What is the standard unit for measuring electrical current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Watt

Question 36

Which type of circuit allows electricity to flow in only one direction?

Accepted Answer

DC circuit

Answer

Series circuit

Answer

Parallel circuit

Answer

AC circuit

Question 37

What is the primary purpose of a diode in an electronic circuit?

Accepted Answer

To block current from flowing in one direction

Answer

To allow current to flow freely in both directions

Answer

To increase the voltage of the circuit

Answer

To amplify signals

Question 38

What is the intended use of a breadboard in electronics?

Accepted Answer

Temporary assembly and testing of circuits

Answer

Permanent connection of components

Answer

Measurement of electrical signals

Answer

Storage of electronic components

Question 39

What distinguishes an analog signal from a digital signal?

Accepted Answer

Analog signals are continuous, while digital signals are discrete.

Answer

Digital signals are continuous, while analog signals are discrete.

Answer

Analog signals represent data using varying voltages, while digital signals use binary codes.

Answer

Digital signals represent data using varying voltages, while analog signals use binary codes.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal operational amplifier?

Accepted Answer

Infinite gain-bandwidth product

Answer

Extremely high input impedance

Answer

Very low output impedance

Answer

Zero offset voltage

Question 41

The standard international unit for measuring the flow of electric charge is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Watt

Question 42

Which of the following materials is an excellent conductor of electricity?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Rubber

Answer

Air

Question 43

A diode primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Allow current to move in a single direction

Answer

Increase the voltage within a circuit

Answer

Decrease the current within a circuit

Answer

Store electrical energy

Question 44

The primary purpose of a resistor in a circuit is to:

Accepted Answer

Limit the flow of electric current

Answer

Increase the voltage within a circuit

Answer

Decrease the current within a circuit

Answer

Store electrical energy

Question 45

According to Ohm's Law, the formula for calculating the resistance (R) of a conductor is:

Accepted Answer

R = Voltage (V) / Current (I)

Answer

R = Current (I) / Voltage (V)

Answer

R = Power (P) / Current (I)

Answer

R = Current (I) / Power (P)

Question 46

Which of the following instruments is specifically designed to measure electrical voltage?

Accepted Answer

Voltmeter

Answer

Ammeter

Answer

Ohmmeter

Answer

Capacitance meter

Question 47

A breadboard in the context of electronics primarily serves the purpose of:

Accepted Answer

Offering a temporary and convenient platform for circuit construction

Answer

Storing electrical components

Answer

Measuring electrical signals

Answer

Amplifying electrical signals

Question 48

What is the primary function of a diode?

Accepted Answer

To block current flow in one direction

Answer

To increase current flow

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To regulate voltage

Question 49

What is the main purpose of a transistor?

Accepted Answer

To switch or amplify signals

Answer

To store charge

Answer

To regulate voltage

Answer

To protect against overcurrent

Question 50

What is the primary use of a breadboard?

Accepted Answer

Temporarily connecting electronic components for testing

Answer

Storing electronic components

Answer

Amplifying signals

Answer

Regulating voltage

Question 51

What is the key difference between a digital and an analog signal?

Accepted Answer

Digital signals represent data using binary digits, while analog signals represent data using a continuous range of values

Answer

Digital signals are continuous, while analog signals are discrete

Answer

Digital signals are more precise than analog signals

Answer

Digital signals can be transmitted over longer distances than analog signals

Question 52

Which approach is used to determine the unknown current in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Thevenin's Theorem

Question 53

What is the main function of a capacitor in an electronic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Store electrical energy

Answer

Resist the flow of current

Answer

Amplify electrical signals

Answer

Convert AC to DC

Question 54

What is the primary purpose of a voltage regulator?

Accepted Answer

Maintain a constant voltage level

Answer

Control the flow of current

Answer

Store electrical energy

Answer

Amplify electrical signals

Question 55

What is the primary role of a filter in an electronic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Remove unwanted frequency components

Answer

Amplify electrical signals

Answer

Generate waveforms

Answer

Convert AC to DC

Question 56

In an n-type semiconductor, which charge carrier is more abundant?

Accepted Answer

Electrons

Answer

Holes

Answer

Ions

Answer

Protons

Question 57

Which factors determine the accuracy and resolution of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) output?

Accepted Answer

Input signal range, ADC resolution (bit depth), and sampling rate

Answer

ADC resolution (bit depth) only

Answer

Input signal range only

Question 58

What is the primary purpose of a voltage regulator in a power supply?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a constant voltage level.

Answer

To increase the voltage level.

Answer

To decrease the voltage level.

Answer

To convert AC to DC.

Question 59

Explain the key characteristics of an ideal operational amplifier and their significance in electronic circuit design.

Accepted Answer

High input impedance, low output impedance, and infinite voltage gain

Answer

Low input impedance, high output impedance, and finite voltage gain

Answer

High output impedance, low input impedance, and infinite voltage gain

Question 60

What is the primary purpose of a zener diode?

Accepted Answer

To regulate voltage

Answer

To rectify alternating current (AC)

Answer

To amplify signals

Answer

To detect light

Question 61

What is the primary function of a capacitor in an AC circuit?

Accepted Answer

To store electrical energy

Answer

To block high-frequency signals

Answer

To amplify current

Answer

To reduce voltage

Question 62

Which of the following terms measures the resistance of a conductor?

Accepted Answer

Resistance

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Capacitance

Question 63

What is the name of the principle stating that current through a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance?

Accepted Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Answer

Faraday's Law

Question 64

What is the primary purpose of a voltage regulator?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a stable voltage level

Answer

To convert AC to DC

Answer

To amplify signals

Answer

To detect light