Materials for Design and Technology: Properties and Applications

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when choosing a material for a specific application?

Accepted Answer

Colour and appearance

Answer

Mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness)

Answer

Availability and cost

Answer

Environmental impact

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a measurable and comparable fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Conductivity

Question 3

Identify the material that is a type of metal:

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Polyethylene

Answer

Nylon

Answer

Concrete

Question 4

Which factor is **least** significant when choosing materials for a design project?

Accepted Answer

Personal preference

Answer

Cost

Answer

Availability

Answer

Strength

Question 5

Which material conducts electricity well?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Answer

Wood

Answer

Glass

Answer

Plastic

Question 6

Which material is commonly used in aerospace engineering because it has a very high strength-to-weight ratio?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fiber

Answer

Glass

Answer

Wood

Answer

Concrete

Question 7

Which material is most appropriate for creating a prototype of a new product?

Accepted Answer

Polystyrene

Answer

18 carat gold

Answer

Titanium

Answer

Glass

Question 8

Which of these is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Conductivity

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Color

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental physical property of a material?

Accepted Answer

Color

Answer

Strength

Answer

Ductility

Answer

Conductivity

Question 11

Which material is ideal for the load-bearing framework of a high-rise building due to its exceptional strength and rigidity?

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Question 12

Which material is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Concrete

Answer

Polyethylene

Answer

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Answer

Kevlar

Question 13

Which of these is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 14

Which material property is not directly linked to its physical structure?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 15

Identify the material that does not conduct electricity:

Accepted Answer

Wood

Answer

Copper

Answer

Gold

Answer

Aluminum

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Appearance

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 18

Which material is known for its high strength and stiffness, but low ductility?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)

Answer

Mild steel

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Polypropylene

Question 19

Which of these is NOT a typical property used to describe a material's physical characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Color

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Ductility

Question 20

Which of the following properties is NOT used to describe the mechanical behaviour of materials?

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Strength

Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Ductility

Question 21

In material testing, what is the main reason for conducting a tensile test?

Accepted Answer

To determine a material's strength and elasticity when stretched

Answer

To assess a material's resistance to wear and tear

Answer

To measure a material's hardness and durability

Answer

To evaluate a material's ability to conduct heat

Question 22

Which factor does NOT directly influence the mechanical properties of a material?

Accepted Answer

Appearance

Answer

Chemical composition

Answer

Microstructure

Answer

Processing history

Question 23

In material selection for engineering applications, which factor holds the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Application requirements

Answer

Material cost

Answer

Material appearance

Answer

Environmental impact

Question 24

When a structure is subjected to high compressive forces, which type of material failure is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Buckling

Answer

Creep

Answer

Tearing

Answer

Annealing

Question 25

Which material testing technique is specifically designed to evaluate a material's ability to withstand sudden shock and impact forces?

Accepted Answer

Impact testing

Answer

Tensile testing

Answer

Hardness testing

Answer

Fatigue testing

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of materials used to describe and compare them?

Accepted Answer

Appearance

Answer

Strength

Answer

Density

Answer

Conductivity

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of materials?

Accepted Answer

Transparency

Answer

Strength

Answer

Conductivity

Answer

Malleability

Question 28

Which factor primarily accounts for the diverse properties observed in different materials?

Accepted Answer

Variations in atomic structure and bonding types

Answer

Differences in manufacturing processes

Answer

Variations in environmental conditions during material formation

Answer

Random variations in material composition

Question 29

When a material cracks under high tensile stress, which type of failure occurs?

Accepted Answer

Brittle failure

Answer

Ductile failure

Answer

Fatigue failure

Answer

Creep failure

Question 30

Under compressive forces, what type of failure is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Compressive failure

Answer

Tensile failure

Answer

Shear failure

Answer

Torsional failure

Question 31

When selecting materials for high-performance applications, which factor is most important for engineers to consider?

Accepted Answer

Material properties and their relevance to the application

Answer

Cost and availability

Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Ease of manufacturing and assembly

Question 32

When choosing a material to resist high impact forces, which material property is most important?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Density

Answer

Tensile strength

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 33

Composite materials are widely used in modern engineering and design due to their unique properties.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of composite materials?

Accepted Answer

Composite materials offer a diverse range of mechanical properties, making them adaptable to various applications.

Answer

Composite materials are inherently weaker than conventional materials like steel.

Answer

Composite materials are always more expensive than traditional materials.

Answer

Composite materials are easier to manufacture than traditional materials.

Question 34

How do materials influence the development and societal impacts of emerging technologies like nanotechnology, biotechnology, and robotics?

Accepted Answer

Emerging technologies rely heavily on advanced materials, which drive innovation and shape their potential uses.

Answer

Materials play a limited role in emerging technologies, only supporting specific applications.

Answer

Advanced materials in emerging technologies have only positive impacts on society, enhancing well-being without drawbacks.

Answer

The societal implications of materials in emerging technologies are negligible, as they primarily serve industrial purposes.

Question 35

How do advanced characterization techniques like electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction contribute to materials science and engineering?

Accepted Answer

They reveal detailed images of materials at the atomic and molecular levels, allowing us to study their microstructure and defects.

Answer

They help determine the chemical composition of materials, which is crucial for understanding their properties and behavior.

Answer

They are only useful for characterizing metals and ceramics, not polymers or composites.

Answer

They are mainly used for quality control in manufacturing processes.

Question 36

Identify the property that is characteristic of metals:

Accepted Answer

High strength and durability

Answer

Low density and flexibility

Answer

Transparency and brittleness

Answer

Flexibility and low melting point

Question 37

Which material type is categorized as a composite?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic

Answer

Pure iron

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Glass

Question 38

What is the primary objective of a heat treatment process?

Accepted Answer

Enhance material strength and durability

Answer

Reduce material hardness and flexibility

Answer

Improve material corrosion resistance

Answer

Increase material thermal insulation

Question 39

Which characteristic indicates a material's eco-friendliness?

Accepted Answer

Biodegradability and recyclability

Answer

High strength and durability

Answer

Low cost and easy availability

Answer

Resistance to heat and chemicals

Question 40

When selecting materials for structural applications that demand both strength and lightness, which material is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Answer

Polyethylene

Question 41

Distinguish between elastic and plastic deformation:

Accepted Answer

Elastic deformation is reversible, while plastic deformation is irreversible

Answer

Elastic deformation is permanent, while plastic deformation is temporary

Answer

Plastic deformation is permanent, while elastic deformation is temporary

Answer

Plastic deformation is reversible, while elastic deformation is irreversible

Question 42

In manufacturing, which process utilizes a mold to shape materials?

Accepted Answer

Casting

Answer

Forging

Answer

Rolling

Answer

Extrusion

Question 43

Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

Low transparency

Answer

High strength

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Malleability

Question 44

What is the primary advantage of using composites in design?

Accepted Answer

Improved strength and lightweight

Answer

Increased cost-effectiveness

Answer

Enhanced flexibility

Answer

Elevated melting point

Question 45

Which property of glass makes it an ideal material for windows?

Accepted Answer

Transparency

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Thermal insulation

Answer

Tensile strength

Question 46

What is the process of joining metal pieces by melting and fusing them together?

Accepted Answer

Welding

Answer

Soldering

Answer

Brazing

Answer

Gluing

Question 47

Which material serves as an example of a naturally occurring composite?

Accepted Answer

Wood

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Fiberglass

Answer

Steel

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

Excellent thermal insulation

Answer

High strength and stiffness

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Malleability

Question 49

Which type of material is most commonly used in the construction of aircraft wings?

Accepted Answer

Composites

Answer

Ceramics

Answer

Polymers

Answer

Metals

Question 50

What is the term for the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Plasticity

Answer

Ductility

Answer

Malleability

Question 51

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the strength of a material?

Accepted Answer

Colour

Answer

Atomic bonding

Answer

Grain size

Answer

Temperature

Question 52

What is the process by which molten metals are poured into moulds to form specific shapes?

Accepted Answer

Casting

Answer

Extrusion

Answer

Injection moulding

Answer

Forging

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT an ethical or societal consideration when choosing materials?

Accepted Answer

Cost

Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Health and safety

Answer

Social responsibility

Question 54

Which factor is irrelevant when choosing a material for a specific application?

Accepted Answer

Aesthetics

Answer

Cost

Answer

Availability

Answer

Strength-to-weight ratio

Question 55

Which material is renowned for its remarkable strength-to-weight ratio and exceptional resistance to corrosion?

Accepted Answer

Titanium

Answer

Steel

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Wood

Question 56

How does material testing assist engineers in predicting a material's behavior in a particular application?

Accepted Answer

Material testing provides data on material properties, which engineers use to predict performance in specific applications.

Answer

Material testing is only useful for comparing different materials, not for predicting performance.

Answer

Material testing is unnecessary because material properties can be accurately estimated based solely on material composition.

Question 57

In material selection, what is the main concern of ethical and environmental considerations?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating health and environmental impacts throughout the material's life cycle

Answer

Minimizing cost and maximizing availability

Answer

Prioritizing aesthetics and durability

Answer

Ensuring ease of fabrication and assembly

Question 58

Identify the types of polymers from the following options:

Accepted Answer

Thermoplastics

Accepted Answer

Thermosets

Accepted Answer

Elastomers

Answer

Ceramics

Question 59

When choosing materials for a product, which factor should be **prioritized** to minimize environmental harm?

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Answer

Material strength

Answer

Durability

Question 60

What factors can cause materials to deteriorate over time?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Accepted Answer

Light

Answer

Gravity

Question 61

Which material characterization technique is specifically designed to examine the surface texture of a material?

Accepted Answer

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Answer

Tensile Testing

Answer

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Answer

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Question 62

Which of these properties is not characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

Transparency

Answer

High strength

Answer

Good electrical conductivity

Answer

High melting point

Question 63

Which type of material is most suitable for the production of a prosthetic limb?

Accepted Answer

Composite

Answer

Steel

Answer

Wood

Answer

Glass

Question 64

Thermal conductivity of a material refers to its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Transfer heat

Answer

Absorb moisture

Answer

Resist wear

Answer

Store energy