Forensic Psychology: Unraveling the Mind in Legal Settings

Question 1

How can factors such as stress or leading questions influence eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

Memories can be distorted or fabricated

Answer

Accuracy generally remains unaffected

Answer

Identification confidence is always accurate

Answer

Perception is not influenced by external factors

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a key principle used in criminal profiling?

Accepted Answer

Empathy with the victim's perspective

Answer

Assessment of crime scene evidence

Answer

Classification of offenders based on behavioral patterns

Answer

Analysis of suspects' psychological characteristics

Question 3

Which type of eyewitness testimony is considered to be the most reliable?

Accepted Answer

Independent memory

Answer

Reconstructed memory

Answer

Leading memory

Answer

Confabulated memory

Question 4

What is the primary distinction between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

Accepted Answer

Psychopathy is characterized by a lack of empathy and remorse, while ASPD is characterized by a disregard for societal norms.

Answer

ASPD is characterized by a lack of empathy and remorse, while psychopathy is characterized by a disregard for societal norms.

Answer

Psychopathy is a more severe form of ASPD.

Answer

ASPD is a more severe form of psychopathy.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary stage in criminal profiling?

Accepted Answer

Investigative interviewing

Answer

Behavioural analysis

Answer

Offender profiling

Answer

Geographic profiling

Question 6

Which cognitive bias is most likely to arise when jurors are exposed to highly publicized or emotionally charged cases?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Anchoring bias

Answer

Framing bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 7

The term 'tunnelling' in the context of eyewitness accounts refers to:

Accepted Answer

The selective attention and focus on specific features of the perpetrator by the witness

Answer

The tendency for witnesses to forget peripheral details of the observed event

Answer

The reconstruction of the event based on information obtained after the initial observation

Answer

The premature identification of a suspect

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a key component of criminal profiling?

Accepted Answer

Offender's geographical location and links to the crime scene

Answer

Offender's modus operandi

Answer

Offender's physical characteristics

Answer

Offender's motivation

Question 9

According to the Cognitive Interview technique, what should investigators do to enhance witness recall?

Accepted Answer

Avoid using leading questions and encourage the witness to provide a narrative account without interruption

Answer

Encourage the witness to focus on specific details rather than the overall picture

Answer

Frequently interrupt the witness to check their memory

Answer

Use suggestive questioning to help the witness remember

Question 10

Which jury decision-making model suggests that jurors rely on their personal experiences and beliefs rather than the evidence presented?

Accepted Answer

Social identity model

Answer

Information-processing model

Answer

Heuristic-systematic model

Answer

Cognitive dissonance model

Question 11

What is the primary goal of a psychological autopsy?

Accepted Answer

To assess the deceased's mental state prior to death

Answer

To determine the cause of death

Answer

To provide a complete psychological profile of the deceased

Answer

To determine if the deceased was a victim of foul play

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a stage in criminal profiling?

Accepted Answer

Interviews with witnesses

Answer

Crime scene assessment

Answer

Psychological assessment of the offender

Answer

Prediction of future behavior

Question 13

Which type of jury bias involves preconceived notions about a particular group of people?

Accepted Answer

Social identity bias

Answer

Cognitive bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Availability bias

Question 14

Which technique is commonly used in forensic psychology to determine witness credibility?

Accepted Answer

Statement Validity Analysis

Answer

Polygraph Test

Answer

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Question 15

The application of psychological principles to crime scene investigation is termed:

Accepted Answer

Crime scene analysis

Answer

Criminal investigation

Answer

Forensic pathology

Answer

Forensic science

Question 16

The use of psychological interventions to rehabilitate offenders is based on the belief that:

Accepted Answer

Criminals have the potential to live prosocial lives

Answer

Criminals are inherently evil

Answer

Criminals are incapable of changing their behavior

Answer

Criminals should be severely punished

Question 17

What is a primary benefit of utilizing case studies in forensic psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Allow for detailed examination of specific cases

Answer

Permit broad application of findings to the general population

Answer

Provide strict control over research variables

Answer

Require less time and resources compared to other methods

Question 18

Which fundamental principle requires forensic psychologists to provide objective testimony based on scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Impartiality

Answer

Client advocacy

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 19

What is the primary aim of criminal profiling?

Accepted Answer

To predict the characteristics of potential suspects based on crime scene evidence and psychological analysis.

Answer

To diagnose mental disorders in criminal offenders.

Answer

To provide treatment interventions for rehabilitating criminals.

Question 20

Which factor is most influential in potentially impairing the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive biases

Answer

Lighting conditions

Answer

Witness age

Answer

Witness appearance

Question 21

What is the main function of a forensic psychologist during jury selection?

Accepted Answer

To assess prospective jurors for biases and determine their suitability for serving on the jury.

Answer

To conduct psychological evaluations of defendants prior to trial.

Answer

To offer expert opinions on the defendant's mental state during the trial.

Question 22

What is the psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to align with group norms, suppressing their own beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 23

How do psychological assessments contribute to forensic decision-making?

Accepted Answer

By providing objective data that can inform legal judgments.

Answer

By guaranteeing the accuracy of all legal outcomes.

Answer

By eliminating the need for witness testimony.

Question 24

Which subfield of psychology focuses on understanding the psychological factors that contribute to criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Criminal psychology

Answer

Forensic psychology

Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Legal psychology