The Restless Earth: Explore the Forces Shaping Our Planet

Question 1

Which theory explains that the Earth's crust is made up of large, moving pieces called plates?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics theory

Answer

Continental drift theory

Answer

Seafloor spreading theory

Answer

Transform fault theory

Question 2

According to the theory of plate tectonics, what causes the movement and interaction of the Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

The movement and interaction of Earth's plates

Answer

The movement of continents over time

Answer

The creation of new crust at mid-ocean ridges

Answer

The outermost rigid layer of the Earth

Question 3

Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move apart?

Accepted Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Subduction zone

Question 4

Which of these is not a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Subduction zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Collision boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 6

In plate tectonics, what type of boundary occurs when two oceanic plates move apart?

Accepted Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Subduction boundary

Question 7

Which of these is not a type of boundary between tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Subduction zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 8

Earth's tectonic plates meet at different boundaries. Which of these is NOT a main type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Collision zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of plate boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Subduction

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Question 10

Which of these is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Obduction zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 11

When two tectonic plates collide, which type of plate boundary is created?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Subduction zone

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Conservative boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Continental-continental collision zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 14

When a volcano erupts, the thickness of the lava affects how far it can flow. Which type of lava flows more easily and travels the farthest?

Accepted Answer

Thin and runny

Answer

Thick and sticky

Answer

Viscosity does not affect lava flow distance

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a boundary between two tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Continental divide

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 16

Which approach is ineffective in reducing the risks posed by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring the risks and hoping for the best

Answer

Implementing early warning systems

Answer

Enforcing building codes and regulations

Answer

Educating the public and raising awareness

Question 17

At a convergent boundary, what type of plate movement occurs?

Accepted Answer

Convergent - plates move together.

Answer

Divergent - plates move apart.

Answer

Transform - plates slide past each other.

Question 18

Which of these actions is NOT a useful way to reduce the risks from volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Ignore volcanic activity and hope for the best

Answer

Set up early warning systems

Answer

Teach communities about volcanic hazards

Question 19

Which layer of the Earth combines the crust and the rigid part of the upper mantle?

Accepted Answer

Lithosphere

Answer

Asthenosphere

Answer

Crust

Question 20

What process occurring deep within the Earth's mantle drives the movement of tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Convection currents

Answer

Magnetic field

Answer

Earth's rotation

Question 21

Which strategy is the least effective in reducing the risks associated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring the risks and taking no precautions

Answer

Educating communities about hazards and preparedness

Answer

Enforcing building codes and land use regulations

Answer

Predicting earthquakes and eruptions using technology

Question 22

Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Mantle

Answer

Crust

Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Inner Core

Question 23

At mid-ocean ridges, new oceanic crust is formed. What happens to the older crust as a result?

Accepted Answer

Moves away from the ridge

Answer

Pushes beneath the new crust

Answer

Stays in place at the ridge

Answer

Gets destroyed by the new crust

Question 24

What occurs when two tectonic plates move towards each other?

Accepted Answer

The plates collide

Answer

The plates slide past each other

Answer

The plates move away from each other

Question 25

What is a major impact of plate tectonics on the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Formation of mountain ranges

Accepted Answer

Creation of new ocean basins

Answer

Depletion of the Earth's atmosphere

Answer

Regulation of the Earth's temperature

Question 26

What drives the movement of Earth's tectonic plates, according to the theory of plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

Convection currents in the Earth's mantle

Answer

Gravitational pull from the moon

Answer

Magnetic forces in the Earth's core

Answer

Rotation of the Earth's crust

Question 27

At divergent plate boundaries, which process generates new oceanic crust?

Accepted Answer

Sea-floor spreading

Answer

Subduction

Answer

Continental collision

Answer

Transform faulting

Question 28

When two continental plates collide, what type of plate boundary is formed?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Subduction zone

Question 29

Where do mid-ocean ridges form?

Accepted Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 30

Volcanic eruptions can have significant consequences. How might they impact the environment and society?

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions can release harmful substances like gases and ash, affecting air quality, climate, and human health.

Answer

Volcanic eruptions mainly benefit the environment by enriching soil and have minimal societal impacts.

Question 31

Which of the following describes how magma composition influences the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?

Accepted Answer

Magma rich in silica is more explosive due to its ability to trap gas bubbles.

Answer

Magma low in silica is more explosive because it contains more dissolved gas.

Answer

Magma composition has no impact on the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption.

Answer

Magma rich in silica is less explosive because it flows more easily.

Question 32

What are the potential economic and societal benefits of using geothermal energy from plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

Geothermal energy can provide a reliable and sustainable source of electricity, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.

Accepted Answer

Geothermal energy can be used to heat homes and businesses, lowering energy costs.

Accepted Answer

Geothermal energy can create jobs and boost the local economy.

Question 33

The theory explaining the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is known as:

Accepted Answer

Plate Tectonics

Answer

Continental Drift

Answer

Seafloor Spreading Theory

Answer

Pangea

Question 34

Earthquakes are primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

The sudden release of stored energy in rocks

Answer

Stress from volcanic activity

Answer

Tidal forces from the Moon and Sun

Answer

Meteor impacts

Question 35

Which type of volcano is known for its tall, conical shape and violent eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Stratovolcano

Answer

Caldera

Answer

Shield volcano

Answer

Cinder cone

Question 36

The process by which magma rises to the surface and erupts is called:

Accepted Answer

Volcanism

Answer

Earthquakes

Answer

Plate tectonics

Answer

Erosion

Question 37

Which of the following is the largest ocean in the world?

Accepted Answer

Pacific Ocean

Answer

Atlantic Ocean

Answer

Indian Ocean

Answer

Arctic Ocean

Question 38

The curved chain of mountains that forms the boundary between India and Nepal is called the:

Accepted Answer

Himalayas

Answer

Alps

Answer

Andes

Answer

Rocky Mountains

Question 39

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Organic

Question 40

The process by which wind and water erode and transport soil and rock fragments is called:

Accepted Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Subduction

Question 41

What was the name of the supercontinent that existed about 250 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Answer

Laurasia

Answer

Gondwana

Answer

Rodinia

Question 42

What is the term for the point on the Earth's surface directly above the starting point of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Hypocenter

Answer

Focus

Answer

Magnitude

Question 43

What is the process by which molten rock solidifies to form igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Melting

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 44

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

Accepted Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Inner core

Answer

Outer core

Question 45

What is the name of the device used to record earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Thermometer

Answer

Anemometer

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates interact?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Question 47

What is the name of the scientific theory that explains the movement and interaction of the Earth's tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer

Theory of Continental Drift

Answer

Theory of Seafloor Spreading

Answer

Theory of Isostasy

Question 48

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by explosive eruptions releasing ash and pumice?

Accepted Answer

Vulcanian

Answer

Hawaiian

Answer

Strombolian

Answer

Pelean

Question 49

What is the name of the instrument used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Thermometer

Question 50

Which of the following is the largest tectonic plate in the world?

Accepted Answer

Pacific Plate

Answer

Eurasian Plate

Answer

North American Plate

Answer

African Plate

Question 51

What is the process by which molten rock from the Earth's interior rises and cools beneath the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Intrusion

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Exfoliation

Question 52

Which type of plate boundary is where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other?

Accepted Answer

Transform

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Subduction

Question 53

Which type of volcano is characterized by a broad, gently sloping shape and frequent, non-explosive eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Shield

Answer

Composite

Answer

Cinder Cone

Answer

Caldera

Question 54

What is the term for the natural process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Deposition

Question 55

Which device is used to measure the strength and length of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Thermometer

Question 56

How do subduction zones contribute to the recycling of oceanic crust and the formation of new continental crust?

Accepted Answer

They recycle oceanic crust back into the mantle and form continental crust.

Answer

They only recycle continental crust back into the mantle.

Answer

They form where continental plates collide and one is pushed beneath the other.

Question 57

Which of the following is a true statement about geothermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Geothermal energy is a reliable and predictable energy source.

Answer

Geothermal energy is a non-renewable energy source.

Answer

Geothermal energy extraction has no environmental impact.

Question 58

What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

Matching fossils on different continents that were once connected

Accepted Answer

Volcanic and earthquake activity along specific zones on Earth's surface

Accepted Answer

Identical rock types and ages on continents now separated by oceans

Answer

Mountains only forming near coastlines

Question 59

Volcanic eruptions can have both benefits and challenges for human populations. Explain how.

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions enrich the soil, providing nutrients for agriculture.

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions can create new land, expanding the available space for human settlement.

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions can destroy homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods.

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions can release harmful gases into the atmosphere, affecting air quality.

Question 60

What is the process called by which magma rises to the surface of the Earth and erupts?

Accepted Answer

Volcanism

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Sedimentation

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 61

What is the name of the instrument used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Thermometer

Question 62

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces, known as weathering?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 63

What is the name of the process by which sediments are deposited?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 64

What term describes the process by which molten rock, or magma, erupts onto the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Volcanism

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Deposition