Rocks and Minerals: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Year 9 Geography

Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of minerals?

Accepted Answer

They have a specific chemical composition.

Answer

They are only found in living organisms.

Answer

They have an irregular shape.

Answer

They are always very soft.

Question 2

Which of these is not a metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

Granite

Answer

Slate

Answer

Marble

Answer

Gneiss

Question 3

Which of the following processes involves the conversion of one type of rock into another?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Question 4

Slate is a type of metamorphic rock that is formed by:

Accepted Answer

Heating and cooling of existing rocks

Answer

Compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer

Crystallization of molten rock

Answer

Weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks

Question 5

The solid, outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of rocks is called the:

Accepted Answer

Lithosphere

Answer

Atmosphere

Answer

Hydrosphere

Answer

Biosphere

Question 6

Limestone is commonly used for:

Accepted Answer

Building materials

Answer

Glass production

Answer

Jewelry making

Answer

Fertilizer production

Question 7

What is the process by which valuable minerals are extracted from the earth?

Accepted Answer

Mining

Answer

Smelting

Answer

Refining

Answer

Quarrying

Question 8

Rocks formed from cooled and solidified molten rock are known as:

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 9

Which mineral is primarily responsible for the composition of limestone?

Accepted Answer

Calcite

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Mica

Answer

Feldspar

Question 10

The process of loose sediments consolidating and hardening to form sedimentary rocks is called:

Accepted Answer

Lithification

Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a texture found in igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Foliated

Answer

Intrusive

Answer

Extrusive

Answer

Glassy

Question 12

Which of the following minerals is widely used in pencil lead?

Accepted Answer

Graphite

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Talc

Answer

Gypsum

Question 13

Which metamorphic rock is known for its distinct layering or banding?

Accepted Answer

Slate

Answer

Marble

Answer

Granite

Answer

Quartzite

Question 14

Which characteristic is NOT unique to minerals?

Accepted Answer

Non-renewable

Answer

Naturally occurring

Answer

Solid

Answer

Crystalline structure

Question 15

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Accepted Answer

Compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer

Cooling and crystallization of magma

Answer

Evaporation of water from a solution

Answer

Exposure of rocks to intense heat and pressure

Question 16

What term describes a rock that has undergone significant changes due to heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Extrusive

Question 17

What is the name of the solid, outermost layer of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Core

Answer

Lithosphere

Question 18

Which type of rock is NOT formed from sediments?

Accepted Answer

Granite

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Limestone

Answer

Shale

Question 19

What is the primary agent responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller fragments?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Compaction

Question 20

What type of rock is formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Extrusive

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Basalt

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Marble

Answer

Limestone

Question 22

Which mineral is well-known for its extreme hardness and is used in jewellery and industrial applications?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Feldspar

Answer

Calcite

Question 23

What is the primary factor that determines the colour of a mineral?

Accepted Answer

Chemical composition and structure

Answer

Crystalline form

Answer

Exposure to sunlight

Answer

Presence of impurities

Question 24

What process leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

Accepted Answer

Extreme heat and pressure transform existing rocks.

Answer

Molten rock rapidly cools and solidifies.

Answer

Sediments are compressed and bonded together.

Answer

Weathering and erosion break down existing rocks.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?

Accepted Answer

Gaseous

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Sedimentary

Question 26

Which mineral is the hardest known substance and is commonly used in industrial cutting tools?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Feldspar

Question 27

What is the process by which rocks are transformed from one type to another under the influence of high temperature and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Deposition

Question 28

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock material (magma or lava)

Answer

Contain abundant fossils

Answer

Composed of layers of sediment that have been compacted and cemented together

Answer

Always have a metamorphic texture

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and cementation of organic remains?

Accepted Answer

Limestone

Answer

Granite

Answer

Marble

Answer

Basalt

Question 30

What is the name of the scale used to determine the relative hardness of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Mohs scale

Answer

Vickers scale

Answer

Knoop scale

Answer

Brinell scale

Question 31

Which of the following is a type of metamorphic rock that is formed from the alteration of shale under conditions of high pressure and temperature?

Accepted Answer

Slate

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Chalk

Answer

Granite

Question 32

Which of the following describes the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Question 33

Which type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Limestone

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 34

The mineral quartz is composed primarily of which elements?

Accepted Answer

Silicon and oxygen

Answer

Potassium and magnesium

Answer

Sodium and chlorine

Answer

Calcium and carbonate

Question 35

The Mohs scale is used to measure what property of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Color

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Density

Question 36

Which of the following minerals is commonly used as a gemstone?

Accepted Answer

Ruby

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Gypsum

Answer

Feldspar

Question 37

What is the definition of erosion?

Accepted Answer

The wearing away of Earth's surface by natural forces

Answer

The formation of new rocks

Answer

The burial and compaction of sediments

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Granite

Answer

Marble

Answer

Basalt

Question 39

What is the process by which rocks are formed from molten rock?

Accepted Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 40

Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Foliated

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Igneous

Question 41

What is the name of the cycle that describes the continuous transformation of rocks through different processes?

Accepted Answer

Rock cycle

Answer

Water cycle

Answer

Nitrogen cycle

Answer

Carbon cycle

Question 42

Which mineral is known for its extreme hardness and is used in cutting tools?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Talc

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Quartz

Question 43

What is the process that involves the alteration of rocks due to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Question 44

Which of the following is a naturally occurring, combustible material used as a fuel source?

Accepted Answer

Coal

Answer

Marble

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Limestone

Question 45

What is the fundamental distinction between a mineral and a rock?

Accepted Answer

Minerals have a definite chemical composition, while rocks are composed of one or more minerals with varying compositions

Answer

Rocks are always formed from multiple minerals, while minerals are not.

Answer

Minerals are always found in crystalline form, while rocks are not.

Question 46

Which of the following is a common use of granite?

Accepted Answer

Countertops and building materials

Answer

Jewelry

Answer

Fuel

Answer

Fertilizer

Question 47

What is the process by which rocks are gradually broken down into smaller pieces by physical and chemical forces?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Question 48

Which of the following is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?

Accepted Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Question 49

What is the process where sediments are compacted and cemented together to form a rock known as?

Accepted Answer

Lithification

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Erosion

Question 50

Which mineral is known for its distinctive property of scratching glass?

Accepted Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Talc

Answer

Gypsum

Question 51

Which type of rock is formed when existing rocks are altered by intense heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

Accepted Answer

Organic origin

Answer

Naturally occurring

Answer

Definite chemical composition

Answer

Solid

Question 53

Select the example of a sedimentary rock:

Accepted Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Marble

Answer

Granite

Answer

Basalt

Question 54

A rock that is formed from cooled lava is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Extrusive igneous rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Answer

Intrusive igneous rock

Question 55

If you find a rock that is smooth and rounded, what can you deduce about its journey through the rock cycle?

Accepted Answer

It has likely experienced significant erosion and transportation.

Answer

It is classified as a metamorphic rock.

Answer

It is a very ancient rock.