Infection and Response: Causes, Spread, and Body's Defense

Question 1

Which of these is NOT a type of pathogen that can cause infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungus

Question 2

Which type of microbe causes the common flu?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Question 3

What characteristic sets bacteria apart from other microbes?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls containing peptidoglycan

Answer

A nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane

Answer

Reproduction through mitosis

Answer

All bacteria cause disease in humans

Question 4

Which of the following is a viral infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Ringworm

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infection?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a body's defense mechanism against infection?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Fever

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of microbe that can cause infections in humans?

Accepted Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Fungi

Question 8

Which of the following is a type of non-specific immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Active immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Naturally acquired immunity

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a type of antimicrobial drug used to treat infections caused by microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Antifungals

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way that infectious diseases can spread?

Accepted Answer

Eating food or drinking water that has gone bad

Answer

Touching an infected person

Answer

Touching something that an infected person has touched

Answer

Breathing in tiny drops from an infected person's cough or sneeze

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of active immunity, where the body produces antibodies in response to an infection or vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies developed after recovering from an infection

Accepted Answer

Antibodies produced after vaccination

Answer

Antibodies received from another person

Answer

Antibodies obtained from taking antibiotics

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Dog

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a pathogen that can cause an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

White blood cell

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungus

Question 14

What is NOT a direct benefit of getting vaccinated?

Accepted Answer

Eradicating all infectious diseases

Answer

Protection from specific diseases

Answer

Helping to stop the spread of contagious diseases

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of immune response?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Question 16

In the adaptive immune response, which mechanism is primarily responsible for the body's ability to recognize and neutralize specific pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by lymphocytes

Answer

Phagocytosis by macrophages

Answer

Activation of the complement system

Answer

Release of histamine by basophils

Question 17

Which cell type is NOT involved in the body's initial defense against infection as part of the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a microbe?

Accepted Answer

Dog

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungi

Question 19

In bacterial cells, which structure is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

What is the main function of immunological memory?

Accepted Answer

To enable the immune system to recognize and respond more quickly to a specific pathogen upon subsequent encounters.

Answer

To produce antibodies against all possible pathogens.

Answer

To distinguish between the body's own cells and foreign substances.

Answer

To prevent the immune system from attacking harmless substances.

Question 21

Which of the following is **not** a type of microbe that can cause infections in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungus

Question 22

Which of the following situations best illustrates the innate immune system's general defense against infection?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic cells engulf and destroy bacteria that have entered the body through a wound.

Answer

Antibodies bind to specific antigens on pathogens, targeting them precisely.

Answer

Helper T-cells activate cytotoxic T-cells to eliminate virus-infected cells.

Answer

Memory cells are created to provide long-term immunity to a specific pathogen.

Question 23

Vaccination is crucial for public health. How does vaccination strengthen the body's immune system and prevent the spread of diseases?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination introduces a weakened or inactive pathogen, stimulating the immune system to create antibodies and memory cells without causing illness.

Answer

Vaccination offers immediate and permanent protection against all infectious diseases.

Answer

Vaccination weakens the immune system, making it less effective against future infections.

Answer

Vaccination only benefits individuals and has no impact on disease spread within a population.

Question 24

How effective are public health campaigns in reducing the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Public health campaigns can be effective in reducing the spread of infectious diseases, but their success depends on factors such as the target audience, the message, and the implementation strategies.

Answer

Public health campaigns are always effective in reducing the spread of infectious diseases.

Answer

Public health campaigns are only effective if they are mandatory.

Answer

Public health campaigns are more effective in reducing the spread of infectious diseases in developed countries.

Question 25

How does climate change influence the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

It alters the distribution and abundance of disease-carrying organisms, affecting vector-borne diseases.

Answer

It has minimal impact on the transmission of airborne diseases.

Answer

It primarily affects the severity of infectious diseases, making them more resistant to treatments.

Question 26

Antibiotics are used in agriculture to prevent and treat infections in animals. What are the potential consequences of this practice for human health and the environment?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of antibiotic resistance in humans and environmental contamination leading to reduced biodiversity.

Answer

Reduced effectiveness of antibiotics in treating human infections but no significant environmental impact.

Answer

Improved animal health and reduced risk of foodborne illnesses without any negative consequences.

Answer

Increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals but no impact on human health or the environment.

Question 27

Which strategy is most effective for reducing the spread of infectious diseases through surface and object disinfection?

Accepted Answer

Matching disinfection methods to specific pathogens and surfaces

Answer

Using only alcohol-based hand sanitizers

Answer

Using bleach solutions for all surfaces and pathogens

Answer

Disinfection is unnecessary in healthcare settings

Question 28

How do macrophages contribute to the innate immune system through phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens using reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes.

Answer

Macrophages produce antibodies to eliminate pathogens.

Answer

Macrophages only participate in the adaptive immune response.

Answer

Macrophages do not play a significant role in the body's defense against infection.

Question 29

Which of the following is **not** a method of pathogen transmission?

Accepted Answer

Through genetic inheritance

Answer

Through the air

Answer

Through contact with an infected person

Answer

Through food or water

Question 30

Which type of pathogen is caused by a virus?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Question 31

What is the primary role of white blood cells in the body's immune response?

Accepted Answer

To engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To carry oxygen to cells

Answer

To regulate blood sugar levels

Question 32

Which of the following is **not** a common symptom of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Itching

Answer

Fever

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Sneezing

Question 33

What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize pathogens

Answer

To destroy pathogens directly

Answer

To stimulate the production of white blood cells

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 34

Which of the following is **not** a good way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Sharing utensils with others

Answer

Washing your hands regularly

Answer

Covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

Answer

Staying home when you are sick

Question 35

How do B cells and T cells differ in their roles in generating antibody and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

B cells produce antibodies, while T cells destroy infected cells.

Answer

T cells produce antibodies, while B cells destroy infected cells.

Answer

Both B cells and T cells produce antibodies.

Answer

Both B cells and T cells destroy infected cells.

Question 36

What are two limitations of using passive surveillance systems in public health?

Accepted Answer

Reporting can be delayed

Accepted Answer

Data can be incomplete

Answer

Identifying trends is difficult

Answer

Responding to outbreaks is easy

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a type of pathogen that can cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Chemicals

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Protozoa

Question 38

Which type of immune cell is responsible for creating antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B-cells

Answer

T-cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Question 39

What is one of the main roles of inflammation in the body's response to infection?

Accepted Answer

To isolate and contain the infection

Answer

To directly destroy pathogens

Answer

To promote healing of damaged tissues

Answer

To suppress the immune response

Question 40

What is the main difference between a cure and a treatment for an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A cure eliminates the infection completely, while a treatment only relieves symptoms.

Answer

A treatment targets the underlying infection, while a cure only targets the symptoms.

Answer

There is no difference

Answer

A cure is always more effective

Question 41

How is the common cold primarily transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets

Answer

Direct contact with an infected person

Answer

Contaminated food or water

Answer

Insect bites

Question 42

Which of the following is the first line of defense in our body's immune system against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Skin and mucous membranes

Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Lymph nodes

Question 43

What is the primary role of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing and binding to specific pathogens

Answer

Producing new white blood cells

Answer

Destroying infected cells

Answer

Regulating the immune response

Question 44

What is the commonly used name for the vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

BCG vaccine

Answer

DTaP vaccine

Answer

HPV vaccine

Question 45

Which of the following is not a benefit of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection

Answer

Protection from specific diseases

Answer

Herd immunity

Answer

Reduced severity of disease

Question 46

What is the primary function of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

To kill bacteria

Answer

To inactivate viruses

Answer

To stimulate the immune system

Answer

To prevent the spread of infection

Question 47

How does climate change influence the spread and distribution of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Climate change can impact the spread and distribution of infectious diseases by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, expanding vector habitats, and disrupting ecosystems.

Answer

Climate change has no impact on the transmission and distribution of infectious diseases.

Answer

Climate change only affects the transmission of diseases carried by vectors, like malaria and dengue fever.

Answer

Climate change can only increase the transmission of infectious diseases.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a type of microbe that can cause infection?

Accepted Answer

Human cell

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Fungus

Question 49

Which part of the body produces antibodies to fight infection?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Liver

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Brain

Question 50

What is the primary role of white blood cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

To fight infection and disease

Answer

To transport oxygen throughout the body

Answer

To break down and digest food

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 51

What is the main difference between a vaccine and an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines prevent disease, while antibiotics treat disease

Answer

Antibiotics prevent disease, while vaccines treat disease

Answer

Vaccines and antibiotics both prevent and treat disease

Answer

Vaccines and antibiotics do not have any similarities

Question 52

What is the term for the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to previously encountered pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Immunity

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Antibiotic resistance

Answer

Epidemiology

Question 53

When choosing a diagnostic test for an infectious disease, which factor is most important to consider?

Accepted Answer

Accuracy

Answer

Cost

Answer

Speed

Answer

Availability

Question 54

What is a disease that can be spread from animals to humans called?

Accepted Answer

Zoonosis

Answer

Pathogen

Answer

Vector

Answer

Reservoir

Question 55

What is the main purpose of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the fight against infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate global efforts to prevent and control infectious diseases

Answer

To create new vaccines and treatments

Answer

To provide medical supplies to countries in need

Answer

To test new treatments in clinical trials

Question 56

Why is herd immunity crucial in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the risk of vulnerable individuals getting sick.

Answer

It makes vaccination programs unnecessary.

Answer

It can only be achieved through natural infection, not vaccination.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disorder

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Protozoa

Question 58

What type of immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B-cells

Answer

T-cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom experienced during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Sudden hearing loss

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Runny nose

Question 60

Which of the following is an example of a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 61

Which public health campaign approach is most effective in reducing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Combining education with strategies that make it easier to take preventive actions

Answer

Providing only information about the disease

Answer

Using fear and guilt to scare people into changing their behavior

Answer

Focusing only on high-risk groups

Question 62

Which of the following is a type of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies from the mother through breast milk

Answer

Producing antibodies after being infected with a pathogen

Answer

Receiving a vaccine

Question 63

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

To fight infection

Answer

To digest food

Answer

To transport oxygen

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 64

Which of the following is a type of vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Antiviral

Answer

Antifungal