Applications of Biology: Practical Applications in Medicine, Agriculture, and Biotechnology

Question 1

Which functional group is a defining characteristic of all aldehydes?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group

Answer

Carboxylic acid group

Answer

Alcohol group

Answer

Ester group

Question 2

Which of the following is a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Sulfuric acid

Answer

Nitric acid

Question 3

Which molecule is an alkene?

Accepted Answer

C2H4 (ethene)

Answer

CH4 (methane)

Answer

C3H8O (propanol)

Answer

C6H14 (hexane)

Question 4

Which intermolecular force is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Dipole-dipole interactions

Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Answer

van der Waals forces

Question 5

Which of the following interactions is **NOT** an intermolecular force?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Dipole-dipole interactions

Question 6

Which of these acids only partially ionizes in water?

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Sulfuric acid

Answer

Nitric acid

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an oxidizing agent?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Potassium permanganate

Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer

Potassium dichromate

Question 8

When an excess of sodium hydroxide is reacted with which compound, does it produce a salt and water?

Accepted Answer

Ethanoic acid

Answer

Ethane

Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Ethene

Question 9

Identify the carboxylic acid from the following compounds:

Accepted Answer

CH3COOH

Answer

CH3OH

Answer

C6H14

Answer

C2H5NH2

Question 10

Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

NH3

Accepted Answer

H2O

Answer

CH4

Answer

CCl4

Question 11

Identify the secondary alcohol among the following compounds:

Accepted Answer

(CH₃)₂CHOH

Answer

CH₃CH₂OH

Answer

(CH₃)₃COH

Answer

CH₃OCH₃

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3?

Accepted Answer

2-methylpentane

Answer

3-methylpentane

Answer

2-ethylbutane

Answer

3-ethylbutane

Question 13

Which of these aqueous solutions contains the highest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and is therefore the most acidic?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid solution

Answer

Pure water

Answer

Sodium hydroxide solution

Answer

Carbonic acid solution

Question 14

In the Bronsted-Lowry theory, which of these is NOT an acid?

Accepted Answer

NH3

Answer

H2SO4

Answer

HCl

Question 15

In the context of organic chemistry, which IR spectroscopy technique is frequently employed to analyze and identify functional groups within organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Answer

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Answer

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Answer

Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy

Question 16

In an esterification reaction, the carboxylic acid functional group reacts with which functional group?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Ketone

Answer

Amine

Question 17

Which particle is emitted during alpha decay?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particle

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Beta particle

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of catalysts in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

B. Catalysts decrease the activation energy of a reaction.

Answer

A. Catalysts increase the activation energy of a reaction.

Answer

C. Catalysts are consumed during a chemical reaction.

Answer

D. Catalysts change the products of a chemical reaction.

Question 19

Which factors affect the speed of a chemical reaction, and how can these be controlled to improve reaction outcomes in practical applications?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts.

Answer

Pressure, volume, and activation energy.

Answer

pH, ionic strength, and inhibitors.

Question 20

In agriculture, which of the following techniques involves the selective breeding of plants or animals to improve desired traits?

Accepted Answer

Hybridization

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Mutation

Question 21

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in biotechnology primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Amplifying DNA

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Answer

Detecting genetic mutations

Answer

Producing proteins

Question 22

Which of the following is a disease caused by a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Influenza

Question 23

The process by which green plants convert sunlight into energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 24

What is a primary ethical concern associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine?

Accepted Answer

Derivation of stem cells from human embryos

Answer

Potential for immune rejection

Answer

Limited availability of stem cells

Answer

High cost of stem cell therapies

Question 25

Which application of biotechnology involves the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Accepted Answer

Development of genetically modified organisms

Answer

Production of biofuels

Answer

Treatment of genetic disorders

Answer

Wastewater treatment

Question 26

In the context of immunology, how does vaccination work to protect against infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

By stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies

Answer

By directly killing the pathogens

Answer

By boosting the body's natural resistance

Answer

By blocking the entry of pathogens into the body

Question 27

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize new DNA strands complementary to the template strands

Answer

To unwind the double helix

Answer

To proofread newly synthesized DNA for errors

Answer

To prevent DNA damage

Question 28

Which biological process is utilized in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell division

Answer

Genetic recombination

Question 29

In the context of genetic engineering, a restriction enzyme is used to:

Accepted Answer

Cut DNA at specific sequences

Answer

Join DNA fragments together

Answer

Amplify DNA

Answer

Transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 30

The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through plasmids is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Lysogeny

Question 31

The selective breeding of organisms to enhance desired traits is termed:

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Tissue culture

Answer

Cloning

Question 32

A fundamental principle in the field of genomics is:

Accepted Answer

Sequencing and analysis of complete genomes

Answer

Using model organisms to study human biology

Answer

Modifying genes using CRISPR-Cas systems

Answer

Predicting disease susceptibility based on genetic information

Question 33

The production of genetically identical copies of an organism is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cloning

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Genetic recombination

Answer

Transduction

Question 34

A significant advantage of bioremediation is its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Clean up contaminated environments

Answer

Produce biofuels

Answer

Develop new antibiotics

Answer

Diagnose genetic diseases

Question 35

The Human Genome Project was an international scientific endeavor with the primary goal of:

Accepted Answer

Sequencing and mapping the complete human genome

Answer

Developing novel gene therapies

Answer

Identifying the genetic basis of diseases

Answer

Creating genetically modified organisms

Question 36

Which technique enables the incorporation of a gene from one organism into the genome of another?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 37

What is the primary role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying specific DNA sequences

Answer

Inserting foreign genes into cells

Answer

Creating transgenic organisms

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Question 38

Which technology has had the most significant impact on modern agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering for improved crop traits

Answer

Hydroponics for controlled plant growth

Answer

Precision farming for optimized resource management

Answer

Aquaculture for increasing fish production

Question 39

How can bioremediation help mitigate environmental pollution?

Accepted Answer

Using microorganisms or plants to degrade or transform pollutants

Answer

Developing new biodegradable materials to replace polluting plastics

Answer

Monitoring and assessing the extent of environmental damage

Answer

Enforcing environmental regulations and penalizing polluters

Question 40

Biofuels are considered as an alternative energy source. Which of the following is a potential environmental concern associated with their production and use?

Accepted Answer

Increased deforestation due to land use for biofuel crops

Answer

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Improved air quality

Question 41

How has enzyme engineering advanced the medical field?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme engineering has enabled the development of new enzymes with improved characteristics, such as higher activity and specificity.

Answer

Enzyme engineering has no significant impact on the medical industry.

Answer

Enzyme engineering only involves the creation of artificial enzymes.

Question 42

Which of the following is a limitation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) compared to traditional Sanger sequencing methods?

Accepted Answer

Less widely available

Answer

Higher throughput

Answer

Lower cost

Answer

More accurate

Question 43

What is a major environmental impact of using fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Water scarcity

Answer

Loss of forests

Answer

Nuclear waste

Question 44

Describe the process of genetic engineering in plants and explain how it is used to enhance crop yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and nutritional value.

Accepted Answer

Inserting specific genes into plant cells to modify their traits, resulting in improved crop yield, pest resistance, and nutritional content.

Answer

Cross-breeding different plant varieties to combine their favorable traits through traditional breeding methods.

Answer

Exposing plants to radiation to induce random mutations and selecting for beneficial traits.

Answer

Growing plants in controlled environments to maintain their health and prevent contamination.

Question 45

How does bioinformatics contribute to drug discovery by identifying potential drug targets and optimizing drug design?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing genetic and genomic data to identify molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.

Accepted Answer

Predicting the structure and function of proteins.

Accepted Answer

Simulating drug-target interactions and optimizing drug properties.

Answer

Providing no assistance in drug discovery.

Question 46

Which technique is used to precisely modify the genetic material of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing

Answer

Hybridization

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Natural selection

Question 47

Which of the following is a major challenge associated with the use of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance

Answer

Allergic reactions

Answer

High cost

Question 48

Which of the following is a role of biologists in the field of forensics?

Accepted Answer

DNA analysis

Answer

Ballistics analysis

Answer

Fingerprint identification

Answer

Toxicology

Question 49

Which of the following is a potential application of nanotechnology in biology?

Accepted Answer

Targeted drug delivery

Answer

Development of new materials

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Water purification

Question 50

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of systems biology?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between biological components

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Reductionism

Question 51

Which of the following factors is NOT taken into account when determining the feasibility of a biotechnology product's success?

Accepted Answer

Luck

Answer

Market analysis

Answer

Regulatory approvals

Answer

Scientific basis

Question 52

Which of the following techniques is used for identifying individuals based on their unique genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Genetic sequencing

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 53

The process by which plants utilize sunlight to produce their own nutrients is known as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Transpiration

Question 54

Biological washing powders primarily utilize enzymes to:

Accepted Answer

Degrade stains and dirt

Answer

Soften water

Answer

Prevent fabric damage

Answer

Maintain color vibrancy

Question 55

The term describing the application of living organisms to combat pests or diseases is known as:

Accepted Answer

Biological control

Answer

Physical control

Answer

Chemical control

Answer

Cultural control

Question 56

Which of the following energy sources is considered renewable?

Accepted Answer

Solar energy

Answer

Natural gas

Answer

Oil

Answer

Coal

Question 57

In the context of the nitrogen cycle, the key function of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is to:

Accepted Answer

Convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants

Answer

Decompose organic matter

Answer

Transform nitrates into nitrogen gas

Answer

Fix carbon dioxide into sugars

Question 58

Which technique is employed to modify an organism's genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Hybridization

Answer

Tissue culture

Answer

Artificial insemination

Question 59

The ethical framework that guides the application of biotechnology is known as:

Accepted Answer

Bioethics

Answer

Biotechnology law

Answer

Biotechnology policy

Answer

Biotechnology governance

Question 60

Which of the following is a potential application of stem cells in regenerative medicine?

Accepted Answer

Repairing damaged tissues and organs

Answer

Creating designer babies

Answer

Genetically modifying humans

Answer

Developing new pharmaceutical drugs

Question 61

How does molecular biology contribute to evolutionary research?

Accepted Answer

Comparison of DNA sequences to determine genetic relationships between species

Answer

Observing animal behavior in natural habitats

Answer

Studying the fossil record

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a key application of biotechnology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Animal breeding

Answer

Production of antibiotics

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Cloning

Question 63

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to detect genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Question 64

Which of the following is a primary benefit of using biofuels?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Increased air pollution

Answer

Production of food crops

Answer

Lower cost than fossil fuels