Master Genetic Engineering: Interactive Quizzes for Year 12 Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT used as a tool for genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Microscopes

Answer

Restriction enzymes

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 2

Which type of enzyme cuts DNA at specific sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Exonuclease

Question 3

What is the purpose of using a plasmid in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To introduce the target gene into a host cell

Answer

To amplify the target gene

Answer

To remove unwanted DNA fragments

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Question 4

Which technique amplifies a specific DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gene cloning

Question 5

In genetic engineering, which vector is commonly employed to introduce foreign DNA into a host organism?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Genome

Answer

Gene gun

Answer

Transposon

Question 6

Which cellular process involves converting genetic information from DNA into a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Mutation

Question 7

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Erwin Schrödinger

Question 8

Which international agreement regulates the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Accepted Answer

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Answer

Montreal Protocol

Answer

Kyoto Protocol

Answer

Paris Agreement

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of a selectable marker in a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

To identify and select cells that have successfully taken up the vector

Answer

To control the expression of the cloned gene

Answer

To amplify the number of copies of the cloned gene

Answer

To provide a promoter for the cloned gene

Question 10

Which technique is used to precisely insert a gene into a specific location in a genome?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT considered an application of genetic engineering in the medical field?

Accepted Answer

Cloning human organs

Answer

Developing new drugs and treatments

Answer

Diagnosing genetic diseases

Answer

Treating inherited disorders through gene therapy

Question 12

What is the primary application of PCR in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying specific DNA sequences

Answer

Identifying gene mutations

Answer

Cloning genes

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Question 13

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 14

What is the term for the process of transferring genetic material from one organism to another?

Accepted Answer

Genetic transformation

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 15

Which vector is commonly utilized for gene cloning in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Bacteriophage

Answer

Cosmid

Answer

YAC

Question 16

What is the technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences in a laboratory setting?

Accepted Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 17

What is the process of introducing a foreign gene into a cell's genome called?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Transposition

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

Increased crop yield

Answer

Gene transfer to wild relatives

Answer

Allergic reactions

Answer

Antibiotic resistance

Question 19

The ethical principle of 'informed consent' in genetic engineering refers to:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring individuals are fully informed about genetic testing and its implications before making decisions

Answer

Maintaining the confidentiality of genetic information

Answer

Restricting genetic engineering solely to medical purposes

Answer

Completely prohibiting genetic engineering

Question 20

Which enzyme specifically targets and cleaves DNA at predetermined nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 21

The incorporation of a foreign gene into a plasmid vector is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Question 22

Which technique is employed to produce numerous copies of a specific DNA fragment?

Accepted Answer

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 23

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

PCR

Question 24

Which enzyme is specifically used to cut DNA at predetermined sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 25

In genetic engineering, what is the primary function of a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Gene transfer into cells

Answer

DNA amplification

Answer

Protein production

Answer

Gene expression regulation

Question 26

Distinguish between transgenic and knockout organisms.

Accepted Answer

Transgenic organisms have introduced foreign genes, while knockout organisms have specific genes removed

Answer

Knockout organisms have introduced foreign genes, while transgenic organisms have specific genes removed

Answer

Both transgenic and knockout organisms have foreign genes introduced

Answer

Both transgenic and knockout organisms have specific genes removed

Question 27

Describe the distinction between homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

Accepted Answer

Homologous recombination is precise, while NHEJ is error-prone

Answer

NHEJ is precise, while homologous recombination is error-prone

Answer

Both mechanisms are precise and error-free

Answer

Both mechanisms are error-prone and inaccurate

Question 28

Which technique is used to amplify DNA?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 29

What are the ethical concerns associated with the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Impact on biodiversity

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Accepted Answer

Health and safety

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a crucial stage in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Gene sequencing

Answer

Extraction of DNA

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Transformation

Question 31

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes and cleaves DNA at which specific sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-GAATTC-3'

Answer

5'-CTTAAG-3'

Answer

5'-GGATCC-3'

Answer

5'-CCGG-3'

Question 32

In bacteria, which vector is commonly employed for gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Bacteriophage

Answer

Cosmid

Answer

Yeast artificial chromosome

Question 33

In recombinant DNA technology, the primary step is to:

Accepted Answer

Isolate the gene of interest

Answer

Insert the gene into a vector

Answer

Transform a host organism

Answer

Clone the gene

Question 34

Restriction enzymes used in gene cloning primarily serve to:

Accepted Answer

Cut DNA at specific recognition sequences

Answer

Join DNA fragments together

Answer

Amplify DNA

Answer

Separate DNA fragments by size

Question 35

The process of integrating a foreign gene into the genome of a host organism is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 36

The primary advantage of using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in genetic engineering is:

Accepted Answer

Rapid amplification of specific DNA sequences

Answer

Detection of mutations

Answer

Sequencing of DNA

Answer

Gene synthesis

Question 37

Which enzyme is specifically designed to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Question 38

What is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell called?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Question 39

Which type of vector is commonly employed for gene transfer in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacterial artificial chromosome

Answer

Cosmid

Answer

Plasmid

Question 40

What is the primary role of a promoter in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Initiating transcription

Answer

Terminating transcription

Answer

Encoding the protein product

Answer

Regulating translation

Question 41

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Chromatography

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of using a selectable marker in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Identifying cells that have successfully taken up the foreign DNA

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Cutting the DNA

Question 43

What was the primary objective of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

Sequencing the entire human genome

Answer

Developing new treatments for diseases

Answer

Understanding human evolution

Answer

Identifying all human genes

Question 44

What is the primary purpose of a selectable marker in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To identify transformed cells that carry the recombinant DNA

Answer

To perform DNA sequencing

Answer

To amplify cloned genes

Answer

To regulate cloned gene expression

Question 45

Which of the following is a significant ethical concern associated with the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment?

Accepted Answer

Potential risks to biodiversity and ecological balance

Answer

Economic implications for traditional agriculture

Answer

Consumer resistance to GMO products

Answer

Limited scientific knowledge on long-term effects

Question 46

Which technique is commonly used to specifically amplify a region of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 47

What is the primary role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Precisely cutting DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences

Answer

Amplifying DNA

Answer

Joining DNA fragments together

Answer

Transcribing DNA into RNA

Question 48

What is the purpose of generating a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

To introduce and express a specific gene from another organism

Answer

To modify an existing gene

Answer

To replicate entire genomes

Answer

To regulate endogenous gene expression

Question 49

What is a key ethical concern related to the use of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9?

Accepted Answer

Unintended consequences and potential misuse

Answer

High cost and accessibility issues

Answer

Technical limitations and low efficiency

Answer

Lack of regulations and guidelines