Genetic Engineering: Learn the Basics of Gene Editing

Question 1

In genetic engineering, which enzyme is used to precisely cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

DNA ligase

Question 2

What is the primary role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of specific DNA sequences

Answer

Creation of recombinant DNA

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gene expression analysis

Question 3

Indicate the technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size.

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 4

Which technique is employed to amplify DNA?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Question 5

What is the primary function of a promoter in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To locate specific DNA sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To protect DNA from degradation

Question 6

What is the purpose of a bioreactor in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Cultivation and production of large quantities of microorganisms

Answer

Assembly of recombinant DNA

Answer

Amplification of DNA

Answer

Identification of specific DNA sequences

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an application of genetic engineering technology?

Accepted Answer

Selective breeding of companion animals for desired traits

Answer

Production of insulin for diabetic patients

Answer

Development of crops resistant to drought conditions

Answer

Treatment of inherited genetic disorders

Question 8

The 'golden rice' project endeavors to genetically modify rice plants to produce:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Iron

Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 9

In genetic engineering, the term 'promoter' refers to a DNA sequence that:

Accepted Answer

Controls gene expression

Answer

Encodes a specific protein

Answer

Protects the DNA from degradation

Answer

Initiates DNA replication

Question 10

Which technique is commonly used to separate and analyze DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Chromatography

Question 11

The first genetically engineered organism approved for commercial application was:

Accepted Answer

Bacteria producing human insulin

Answer

Mice with enhanced cancer resistance

Answer

Soybeans with enriched nutritional value

Answer

Plants engineered to emit light

Question 12

The Human Genome Project was a global initiative aimed at:

Accepted Answer

Mapping all genes within the human genome

Answer

Developing new gene therapies

Answer

Creating genetically modified humans

Answer

Eradicating genetic diseases

Question 13

What is the primary reason for incorporating a selectable marker into a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

To allow identification and selection of transformed host cells

Answer

To provide a recognition site for the insertion of the target DNA fragment

Answer

To increase the efficiency of DNA transformation

Answer

To enhance the expression of the cloned gene

Question 14

Which application of genetic engineering has made a significant impact on agricultural productivity and pest resistance?

Accepted Answer

Production of Bt crops resistant to pests

Answer

Cloning of livestock for enhanced milk production

Answer

Development of gene therapies for human diseases

Answer

Bioremediation of environmental pollutants

Question 15

The principle underlying RNA interference (RNAi) as a gene silencing technique involves:

Accepted Answer

Blocking gene expression using complementary RNA molecules

Answer

Activating gene expression through the use of non-coding RNA

Answer

Modifying the genetic code of the target gene

Answer

Altering the sequence of the DNA molecule

Question 16

Which enzyme is employed to cleave DNA at specific recognition sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA helicase

Answer

DNA ligase

Question 17

Genetic markers are valuable tools in genome mapping because they enable:

Accepted Answer

Identification of unique locations on chromosomes

Answer

Amplification of specific DNA fragments

Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Answer

Diagnosis of inherited diseases

Question 18

A key potential benefit of gene therapy lies in its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Treat genetic disorders at the molecular level

Answer

Enhance human traits beyond natural capabilities

Answer

Create new species with desired characteristics

Answer

Replace damaged organs with fully functional ones

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a crucial step involved in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

DNA extraction

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Ligation

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of using a selectable marker in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To identify bacteria that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA molecule

Answer

To regulate the expression of the foreign gene

Answer

To amplify the recombinant DNA molecule

Answer

To cut the DNA fragments at specific sites

Question 21

Which of the following techniques is used to determine the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA fragment?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Question 22

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in catalyzing the ligation reaction in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To insert foreign DNA into a vector

Answer

To separate DNA fragments based on size

Question 24

What is the primary function of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of specific DNA sequences

Answer

Cloning of genes

Answer

Sequencing of DNA fragments

Answer

Detection of genetic mutations

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of genetic engineering in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Cloning of endangered species for conservation purposes

Answer

Production of therapeutic proteins, such as insulin and growth hormone

Answer

Enhancement of crop yield through the introduction of beneficial genes

Question 26

In genetic engineering, what is the primary role of a selectable marker incorporated into a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

To identify and distinguish bacteria that successfully took up the plasmid

Answer

To confer a specific trait to the recipient organism

Answer

To increase the expression levels of the target gene

Answer

To enhance the stability of the plasmid within the host

Question 27

What is the function of a promoter in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Initiating gene transcription

Answer

Terminating gene transcription

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Protecting the gene from degradation

Question 28

In plant genetic engineering, a common method for introducing foreign genes is:

Accepted Answer

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Answer

Electroporation

Answer

Hydroponics

Answer

Genetic transduction

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic engineering in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing susceptibility to infectious diseases

Answer

Developing personalized treatments

Answer

Reducing side effects of drugs

Answer

Increasing the effectiveness of vaccines

Question 30

Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering to:

Accepted Answer

Cut DNA at specific sequences

Answer

Repair damaged DNA

Answer

Replicate DNA

Answer

Transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 31

What defines transgenic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Organisms that contain foreign genes

Answer

Organisms that have had their own genes modified

Answer

Organisms that are immune to all diseases

Answer

Organisms that can reproduce asexually

Question 32

What is the primary function of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the realm of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of specific DNA regions

Answer

Isolation of restriction fragments

Answer

Ligation of DNA fragments

Answer

Transformation of host cells

Question 33

Which of the following is not an application of genetic engineering in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Designing human offspring

Answer

Producing crops resistant to pests

Answer

Improving crop yield

Answer

Reducing the use of fertilizers

Question 34

What is the key mechanism employed by gene guns in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Shooting DNA fragments into cells

Answer

Exposing cells to X-rays

Answer

Using viruses to transfer DNA

Answer

Directly injecting DNA into the nucleus

Question 35

What is the defining outcome of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

Identification of all human genes

Answer

Insights into human evolution

Answer

Development of advanced gene editing tools

Answer

Eradication of numerous diseases

Question 36

In recombinant DNA technology, which step initiates the process?

Accepted Answer

Gene isolation

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

Organism transformation

Answer

Gene expression

Question 37

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 38

Which technique is employed to amplify specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 39

What technique is used to identify specific DNA sequences within a genome?

Accepted Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Northern blotting

Answer

PCR

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a step in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Translation of gene product

Answer

Isolation of target gene

Answer

Ligation of gene into vector

Answer

Transfer of recombinant DNA into host organism

Question 41

The enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition sequences is known as:

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 42

The process by which a foreign gene is inserted into the DNA of a host organism is called:

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

Lower yield potential

Answer

Enhanced resistance to pests or diseases

Answer

Increased nutritional content

Answer

Reduced environmental impact

Question 44

The vector commonly used in gene cloning is:

Accepted Answer

A plasmid

Answer

A virus

Answer

A bacterial cell

Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 45

The technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences is called:

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 46

Which enzyme precisely cuts DNA at specific sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 47

In genetic engineering, what is the role of a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

To transport the foreign gene into the host cell

Answer

To produce the desired protein

Answer

To transcribe the foreign gene

Answer

To translate the foreign gene

Question 48

What term describes a genetically identical copy of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Clone

Answer

Transgene

Answer

Hybrid

Answer

Mutate

Question 49

What is the function of a promoter in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription

Answer

To cut DNA at specific sequences

Answer

To carry the foreign gene

Answer

To transcribe the foreign gene

Question 50

What is the purpose of a terminator in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To signal the end of transcription

Answer

To start transcription

Answer

To cut DNA

Answer

To ligate DNA fragments

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT an application of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Changing eye color

Answer

Production of insulin

Answer

Development of genetically modified crops

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 52

Gene cloning involves the insertion of a foreign gene into a plasmid vector. Which technique is used to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Question 53

Genetic engineering has various applications in biotechnology. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

Creation of entirely new species

Answer

Production of human insulin

Answer

Development of disease-resistant crops

Answer

Gene therapy for genetic disorders

Question 54

In genetic engineering, what is the function of a selectable marker?

Accepted Answer

To identify cells that have successfully taken up the foreign gene

Answer

To enhance the expression of the foreign gene

Answer

To protect the foreign gene from degradation

Answer

To ensure the foreign gene is inherited by subsequent generations