Medicine in Society: Impact on Healthcare and Society

Question 1

According to the 'inverse care law', healthcare resources are:

Accepted Answer

Allocated more to those who can afford to pay

Answer

Distributed equally across all socioeconomic groups

Answer

Allocated more to those who need them the most

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Distributed randomly, regardless of need

Question 2

Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of social structure and power dynamics in shaping health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Structural Functionalism

Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Question 3

The concept of 'medicalization' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The increasing use of medical interventions to address social problems

Answer

The spread of medical knowledge and practices to non-medical settings

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The decline of traditional medical practices

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The growing skepticism towards medical authority

Question 4

The concept of 'health equity' emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Reducing health disparities based on social factors

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Equal access to healthcare services

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Equal health outcomes for all

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Prioritizing healthcare for the most vulnerable populations

Question 5

The sociological analysis of the role of medicine in society primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The social and economic contexts of health and healthcare

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Biological factors influencing health

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The technical aspects of medical interventions

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The psychological impact of illness

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an important ethical consideration in the development of new medical technologies?

Accepted Answer

Environmental sustainability

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a key social determinant of health?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Education and literacy

Answer

Income and poverty

Answer

Housing and sanitation

Question 8

The concept of 'medicalization' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Expansion of medical authority into non-medical areas of life

Answer

Increased focus on preventive healthcare

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Decline in the use of complementary and alternative medicine

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Growth of patient choice and empowerment

Question 9

The NHS is a:

Accepted Answer

Universal healthcare system funded by taxation

Answer

Private healthcare system

Answer

Insurance-based healthcare system

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Charity-funded healthcare system

Question 10

Which of the following factors does NOT play a significant role in driving the development of new medical technologies?

Accepted Answer

Political ideologies

Answer

Government funding

Answer

Patient demand

Answer

Scientific advancements

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to the recent surge in healthcare expenses?

Accepted Answer

Increased demand for cosmetic procedures

Answer

Advancements in medical technology

Answer

Aging population

Answer

Government regulations on healthcare providers

Question 12

The social model of health emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

Health is influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors

Answer

Health outcomes are primarily determined by individual lifestyle choices

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Genetic factors play a dominant role in shaping health

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Health is solely a product of individual responsibility

Question 13

Which sociological perspective highlights how social factors like social class and economic status affect people's access to and experiences with medical advancements?

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspective

Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

Answer

Feminist perspective

Question 14

While new medical technologies offer advancements, which of the following is not an advantage they bring?

Accepted Answer

Increased healthcare costs

Answer

Improved patient outcomes

Answer

Earlier identification of illnesses

Answer

Reduced patient suffering

Question 15

A major critique of the biomedical model of health is that it:

Accepted Answer

Overlooks the social and environmental factors that influence health

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Focuses excessively on specific diseases rather than overall well-being

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Does not involve patients in decision-making

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Is prohibitively expensive to implement

Question 16

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health encompasses:

Accepted Answer

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

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The mere absence of disease or disability

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The ability to fulfill daily tasks without impairment

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A satisfactory life expectancy

Question 17

Which factor is not a significant influence on healthcare costs?

Accepted Answer

Personal preferences of patients

Answer

Advancements in medical technology

Answer

Aging population demographics

Answer

Government regulations and policies

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the development of new medical technologies?

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs

Answer

Advances in scientific knowledge

Answer

Government funding

Answer

Public demand

Question 19

The pharmaceutical industry primarily engages in which of the following activities?

Accepted Answer

Researching and developing new medications

Answer

Setting healthcare policy

Answer

Providing medical care to patients

Answer

Distributing medications and medical supplies

Question 20

The concept of 'biopower' refers to the use of:

Accepted Answer

Medical knowledge and technologies to regulate populations

Answer

Government regulations to restrict unhealthy behaviors

Answer

Economic incentives to encourage specific medical treatments

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Social support networks to promote well-being

Question 21

The social construction of illness refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Way in which societies define, perceive, and respond to illness

Answer

Biological basis for the development of diseases

Answer

Role of medical professionals in diagnosing and treating illnesses

Answer

Impact of genetics on health outcomes

Question 22

The biopsychosocial model of health emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in health and illness

Answer

Importance of genetics in determining health

Answer

Role of behavioral choices in promoting health

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Need for a comprehensive approach to healthcare

Question 23

Which of the following is not a challenge faced by healthcare systems in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Abundant funding

Answer

An aging population

Answer

Management of chronic diseases

Answer

Rising demand for services

Question 24

How do GPs differ from specialists in the UK healthcare system?

Accepted Answer

GPs provide general medical care, while specialists focus on specific areas of medicine

Answer

GPs are private practitioners, while specialists work in hospitals

Answer

GPs have lower qualifications than specialists

Answer

There is no distinction between GPs and specialists

Question 25

The concept of 'medicalization' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The process of defining behaviors as medical conditions

Answer

The increasing influence of medical professionals in society

Answer

The rise of patient-led healthcare movements

Answer

The decline of traditional healing practices

Question 26

The relationship between medicine and society is:

Accepted Answer

Dynamic and evolving

Answer

Static and unchanging

Answer

Determined solely by scientific advancements

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Independent of cultural and social factors

Question 27

The sociological perspective of social constructionism suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Health and illness are socially defined and shaped by cultural norms

Answer

Medical knowledge is objective and universally accepted

Answer

Society has no influence on how medical practices are developed

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Illness is solely a biological phenomenon unaffected by social factors

Question 28

Which of the following is a limitation of the biomedical model of health?

Accepted Answer

Neglects the subjective experiences and social determinants of health

Answer

Provides a comprehensive understanding of the causes of illness

Answer

Promotes holistic and preventive approaches to healthcare

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Empowers patients to take an active role in their health

Question 29

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of social factors in health inequalities?

Accepted Answer

Structuralist perspective: Health inequalities are rooted in social and economic structures

Answer

Individualistic perspective: Health outcomes are primarily influenced by personal choices

Answer

Biomedical perspective: Health is determined by biological and genetic factors

Answer

Environmental perspective: Health is shaped by the physical and natural environment

Question 30

The role of medicine in society is:

Accepted Answer

Dynamic and evolving, influenced by social, cultural, and technological factors

Answer

Static and unchanging, defined solely by providing medical care

Answer

Limited to the treatment of physical illnesses and injuries

Answer

Independent of societal values and beliefs

Question 31

The concept of 'iatrogenesis' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Unintended harm resulting from medical intervention

Answer

Intentional harm caused by medical professionals

Answer

Psychological effects of illness on patients

Answer

Social stigma associated with certain medical conditions

Question 32

Which characteristic defines a universal healthcare system?

Accepted Answer

Government-funded and accessible to all citizens

Answer

Private insurance-based and only available to those who can afford it

Answer

A mix of public and private healthcare options

Answer

Exclusively provided by non-profit organizations

Question 33

The concept of 'the medical gaze' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The way medical professionals perceive and interpret patient bodies

Answer

The way patients perceive and interpret their own bodies

Answer

The way society perceives and interprets illness

Answer

The way medical research influences our understanding of health and illness

Question 34

The pharmaceutical industry plays a significant role in the development and production of medicines. What is a common criticism of the pharmaceutical industry?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing profit over patient welfare

Answer

Investing heavily in research and development

Answer

Providing essential medicines to developing countries

Answer

Collaborating closely with healthcare professionals

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of a medical model of health?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on physical and biological causes of illness

Answer

Emphasizing prevention and lifestyle choices

Answer

Considering social and economic factors influencing health

Answer

Promoting self-care and patient empowerment

Question 36

What is the concept of 'health inequality'?

Accepted Answer

Differences in health status between various population groups

Answer

The absence of preventable diseases and premature deaths

Answer

The equal distribution of healthcare resources

Answer

The provision of healthcare services to all citizens regardless of income