Cardiovascular System in Sport: Master Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Performance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Sleep quality

Answer

Fitness level

Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Age and gender

Question 2

Which part of the heart initiates the electrical impulses that trigger heartbeats?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Atrioventricular node

Answer

Ventricular myocardium

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 3

The primary neurotransmitter involved in regulating heart rate and blood pressure is:

Accepted Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 4

Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Venules

Question 5

The resistance encountered by blood flow in the blood vessels is known as:

Accepted Answer

Peripheral resistance

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Blood pressure

Question 6

Regular aerobic exercise is beneficial to the cardiovascular system because it helps to:

Accepted Answer

Lower blood pressure

Answer

Increase heart rate

Answer

Reduce stroke volume

Answer

Increase peripheral resistance

Question 7

What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Ejection fraction

Answer

Heart rate

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the body

Answer

Regulating blood flow to active tissues

Answer

Aiding in the removal of waste products

Answer

Transporting oxygen and nutrients

Question 9

What is the relationship between heart rate and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional

Answer

Inversely proportional

Answer

No relationship

Answer

Indirectly proportional

Question 10

What is the role of the valves in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Preventing backflow of blood

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Pumping blood throughout the body

Answer

Oxygenating blood

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Answer

Atrioventricular node

Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 12

What is the term for the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Ejection fraction

Question 13

Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying which two variables?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate by stroke volume

Answer

Stroke volume by ejection fraction

Answer

Heart rate by afterload

Answer

Stroke volume by preload

Question 14

Which type of blood vessel is characterized by the thickest walls?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 15

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

To generate the electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions

Answer

To control the rate of heart contractions

Answer

To regulate blood flow to the heart

Answer

To pump blood out of the ventricles

Question 16

Which hormone plays a role in increasing heart rate and stroke volume during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Testosterone

Question 17

What is the relationship between blood pressure and blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure is directly proportional to blood flow

Answer

Blood pressure is inversely proportional to blood flow

Answer

There is no relationship between blood pressure and blood flow

Answer

Blood pressure is affected by blood flow but not vice versa

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of regular aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Reduced heart rate

Answer

Increased stroke volume

Answer

Improved blood lipid profile

Answer

Enhanced blood flow distribution

Question 19

What is the mathematical relationship between stroke volume and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate equals cardiac output

Answer

Cardiac output multiplied by stroke volume equals heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume is independent of cardiac output

Answer

Cardiac output is independent of stroke volume

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes the redistribution of blood flow during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles, decreased blood flow to the digestive system

Answer

Decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles, increased blood flow to the digestive system

Answer

Increased blood flow to both skeletal muscles and the digestive system

Answer

Decreased blood flow to both skeletal muscles and the digestive system

Question 21

What is the primary mechanism by which blood pressure is regulated?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Blood viscosity

Question 22

Which of the following is a potential consequence of sustained elevated blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Improved athletic performance

Answer

No significant impact on health or performance

Question 23

What is the key function of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular control?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and stroke volume

Answer

Decreases heart rate and stroke volume

Answer

Has no significant effect on cardiovascular function

Answer

Increases blood flow to the digestive system

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

To pump blood throughout the body

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To filter waste products

Question 25

What term describes the volume of blood expelled by the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Question 26

Which of the following measurements represents the resistance encountered by blood flow in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Question 27

What primary factor determines cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Blood flow velocity

Question 28

How does the sympathetic nervous system coordinate the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and respiratory rate, redirecting blood flow to active muscles.

Answer

Increases heart rate and blood pressure, decreasing respiratory rate.

Answer

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure, increasing respiratory rate.

Question 29

Identify the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta:

Accepted Answer

Aortic valve

Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

Pulmonary valve

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 30

Establish the mathematical relationship between stroke volume and cardiac output:

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate

Answer

Cardiac output = Heart rate + Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate = Cardiac output / Stroke volume

Answer

Stroke volume = Cardiac output - Heart rate

Question 31

Identify a significant risk factor associated with developing cardiovascular disease:

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Moderate alcohol intake

Answer

Balanced diet

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 32

Specify the primary function of coronary arteries:

Accepted Answer

Provide blood supply to the heart muscle

Answer

Return blood to the heart

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Transport blood away from the heart

Question 33

Identify the primary purpose of the pulmonary circulation:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange in the lungs

Answer

Transport blood to the body

Answer

Return blood to the heart

Question 34

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 35

Identify the condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure:

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Angina

Question 36

Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on the amount of blood ejected by the heart per beat (stroke volume)?

Accepted Answer

End-diastolic volume

Answer

Contractility

Answer

Heart rate

Question 37

Which hormone increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions (cardiac contractility)?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 38

What is the main function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Initiates the electrical impulse that triggers heart contractions

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Answer

Controls blood flow to the heart

Question 39

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest, most muscular walls?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Lymphatic vessels

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Question 40

What is the role of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Encloses and protects the heart

Answer

Carries electrical impulses

Answer

Pumps blood

Answer

Produces hormones

Question 41

What is the primary function of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pump blood throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products

Answer

Filter blood waste

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Produce hormones