Prenatal and Infant Development: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which hormone plays a crucial role in triggering the onset of labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Prolactin

Question 2

The period immediately following birth when the newborn adjusts to life outside the womb is termed:

Accepted Answer

Neonatal period

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Prenatal period

Question 3

A characteristic of secure attachment in infants is:

Accepted Answer

Exploration with the caregiver as a secure base

Answer

Fear of strangers

Answer

Avoidance of the caregiver

Answer

Indifference towards the caregiver

Question 4

The ability of newborns to imitate facial expressions is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Reflexive imitation

Answer

Empathy

Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Mirror neurons

Question 5

The theory that proposes that infants possess innate knowledge structures that guide their learning is known as:

Accepted Answer

Nativist theory

Answer

Empiricist theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Cognitive developmental theory

Question 6

Which physiological adaptation helps newborns regulate their body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Brown adipose tissue

Answer

Brachycephaly

Answer

Lanugo

Answer

Hyperthermia

Question 7

The period of rapid brain growth that occurs during infancy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Axonogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Larval

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Germ layer formation

Question 9

Which of the following reflexes helps newborns find and suck on a food source?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Stepping reflex

Answer

Grasp reflex

Answer

Blinking reflex

Question 10

According to Piaget's theory, which of the following demonstrates an understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Causal reasoning

Answer

Imitating sounds

Answer

Recognizing faces

Question 11

Which attachment style is characterized by a sense of security and trust in relationships?

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Disorganized

Question 12

Which of the following factors is believed to have the most significant influence on shaping infant temperament?

Accepted Answer

A combination of genetics and postnatal experiences

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Prenatal environment

Answer

Postnatal experiences

Question 13

What is the primary function of the cerebellum in infant motor development?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Language development

Answer

Emotional regulation

Answer

Social skills

Question 14

During prenatal development, which sequence accurately reflects the approximate timing of these cognitive milestones: neural tube formation, synapse formation, and preference for the mother's voice?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube formation (3-4 weeks), Synapse formation (8 weeks), Preference for mother's voice (24 weeks)

Answer

Simple reflexes (8 weeks), Object permanence (24 weeks), Memory (30 weeks)

Answer

Heart rate deceleration (12 weeks), Moro reflex (16 weeks), Startle reflex (20 weeks)

Answer

Object tracking (6 months), Babbling (9 months), Stranger anxiety (12 months)

Question 15

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Secure Attachment as described by John Bowlby?

Accepted Answer

Caregiver avoids physical contact with infant

Answer

Infant feels safe and secure with caregiver

Answer

Caregiver is consistent and predictable in interactions

Answer

Infant experiences separation anxiety when separated from caregiver

Question 16

According to Erikson's Psychosocial Theory, the primary conflict during infancy is:

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 17

The period of rapid brain growth that occurs during the first few years of life is known as:

Accepted Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Neonatal period

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Sensorimotor period

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a stage of Piaget's sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Circular reactions

Answer

Imitation

Question 19

The process by which infants distinguish between self and others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness

Answer

Attachment

Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Imitation

Question 20

Which hormone triggers the onset of labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Fetal cortisol

Question 21

The neural structure responsible for coordinating sucking, rooting, and swallowing reflexes in newborns is the:

Accepted Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 22

Which type of attachment is characterized by insecure-avoidant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 23

The theory that suggests that infants learn language primarily through imitation and reinforcement is known as:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral theory

Answer

Nativist theory

Answer

Cognitive theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 24

The concept that describes the formation of neural connections that support specific functions in the brain based on experiences is:

Accepted Answer

Experience-dependent plasticity

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Myelination

Question 25

Which of the following is **not** a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Neonatal period

Answer

Embryonic period

Answer

Fetal period

Answer

Germinal period

Question 26

According to Piaget's theory, which cognitive stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Preoperational stage

Answer

Concrete operational stage

Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 27

Which attachment style is characterized by infants who are securely attached and display a balance of independence and reliance?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 28

Which neuroimaging technique allows researchers to study brain activity in infants with the highest temporal resolution?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the germinal stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation of cells into tissues and organs

Answer

Rapid cell division

Answer

Formation of the embryo

Answer

Implantation in the uterus

Question 30

Which hormone produced by the placenta is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

HCG

Question 31

What is the name of the reflex that causes an infant to turn their head towards a touch on the cheek?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Sucking reflex

Answer

Grasping reflex

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Neural tube closure

Question 33

Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development is characterized primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor exploration and object manipulation

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Symbolic thinking

Answer

Language acquisition

Question 34

According to John Bowlby's attachment theory, infants form secure attachments with their primary caregivers who provide:

Accepted Answer

Consistent and responsive care

Answer

Inconsistent and dismissive care

Answer

Punitive and authoritarian care

Answer

Neglectful and abusive care

Question 35

The concept of 'epigenetics' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Genetic changes influenced by environmental factors

Answer

Physical changes in the genome

Answer

The inheritance of specific traits from both parents

Answer

The role of experience in shaping brain development

Question 36

The Apgar score is used to assess an infant's:

Accepted Answer

Physical condition at birth

Answer

Cognitive development

Answer

Social skills

Answer

Language abilities

Question 37

Which of the following is **NOT** a key finding from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development?

Accepted Answer

Infant development proceeds at a different pace for each child.

Answer

Early childhood experiences can significantly influence long-term developmental outcomes.

Answer

Socioeconomic disparities contribute to differences in developmental outcomes among children.

Answer

The study tracked participants from birth to early adulthood, providing insights into developmental trajectories across the life span.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Development of language skills

Answer

Differentiation of organs

Answer

Emergence of basic reflexes

Answer

Rapid physical growth

Question 39

Which of the following behaviors is an example of stranger anxiety?

Accepted Answer

An 11-month-old baby crying when a stranger approaches

Answer

A 2-year-old child playing independently with toys

Answer

A 6-month-old infant smiling at anyone who makes eye contact

Question 40

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task of infancy is to develop a sense of:

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 41

What is the process by which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream called?

Accepted Answer

Placental circulation

Answer

Fetal respiration

Answer

Umbilical cord transfer

Answer

Amniotic fluid exchange

Question 42

Which of the following is a major milestone in gross motor development during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Sitting without support

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Imitation

Answer

Object permanence

Question 43

What is the term for the individual who provides the most consistent care and support for an infant?

Accepted Answer

Primary caregiver

Answer

Social worker

Answer

Grandparent

Answer

Daycare provider

Question 44

At which developmental stage does the neural tube form in an embryo?

Accepted Answer

Weeks 3-4

Answer

Weeks 0-2

Answer

Weeks 6-8

Answer

Weeks 12-14

Question 45

Which type of attachment, characterized by proximity-seeking and distress when separated, is associated with infants who feel secure and loved?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Question 46

What is the term for the sudden increase in vocalizations made by infants around 6-9 months of age?

Accepted Answer

Babbling

Answer

Cooing

Answer

Holophrasing

Answer

Telegraphic speech

Question 47

Which of the following is a key aspect of responsive parenting?

Accepted Answer

Being attuned to the infant's cues and responding appropriately

Answer

Imposing strict rules and routines

Answer

Punishing misbehavior

Question 48

What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating nutrient exchange and waste removal

Answer

Facilitating childbirth

Answer

Protecting the fetus from infection

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 49

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for premature birth?

Accepted Answer

Maternal smoking

Answer

Healthy maternal diet

Answer

High fetal weight