Open Channel Flow: Master Fluid Behavior in Open Channels

Question 1

The specific energy of a flow is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Sum of velocity head and potential energy per unit weight of the fluid

Answer

Difference between velocity head and potential energy per unit weight of the fluid

Answer

Sum of kinetic energy and potential energy per unit weight of the fluid

Answer

Difference between kinetic energy and potential energy per unit weight of the fluid

Question 2

A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Supercritical flow transitions to subcritical flow

Answer

Subcritical flow transitions to supercritical flow

Answer

Flow velocity increases rapidly

Answer

Flow depth decreases rapidly

Question 3

The specific energy of a fluid flowing in an open channel is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Sum of kinetic and potential energies

Answer

Difference between potential and kinetic energies

Answer

Product of the velocity and the depth

Answer

Quotient of potential energy and specific weight

Question 4

Which factor does NOT affect the critical depth in an open channel?

Accepted Answer

Fluid viscosity

Answer

Discharge

Answer

Channel slope

Answer

Channel roughness

Question 5

The energy loss due to a hydraulic jump is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the difference in specific energy between the upstream and downstream sections

Answer

Equal to the sum of the specific energy in the upstream and downstream sections

Answer

Zero

Answer

Cannot be determined without additional information

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common application of open channel flow principles?

Accepted Answer

HVAC system design

Answer

Design of spillways and dams

Answer

Irrigation and drainage systems

Answer

Flood control and management

Question 7

The specific energy (E) of flow in an open channel is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy per unit weight of fluid (E = V²/2g + y)

Answer

The difference between the kinetic energy and potential energy per unit weight of fluid

Answer

The ratio of the potential energy to the kinetic energy per unit weight of fluid

Answer

The force required to maintain the flow per unit weight of fluid

Question 8

The Manning equation is an empirical formula used to calculate the:

Accepted Answer

Discharge (Q) through an open channel

Answer

Velocity of flow in an open channel

Answer

Depth of flow in an open channel

Answer

Froude number of flow in an open channel

Question 9

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the specific energy of flow in an open channel?

Accepted Answer

Fluid viscosity

Answer

Discharge

Answer

Channel geometry

Answer

Bed slope

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of supercritical flow in an open channel?

Accepted Answer

High Froude number

Answer

Low specific energy

Answer

Hydraulic jump formation

Answer

Submerged flow

Question 11

The discharge in a rectangular open channel can be calculated using the formula:

Accepted Answer

Q = Av

Answer

Q = Av^2

Answer

Q = A√gh

Answer

Q = A√2gh

Question 12

The Chezy equation for flow in an open channel is given by:

Accepted Answer

v = C√RS

Answer

v = C√RS^2

Answer

v = C√R/S

Answer

v = C√S/R

Question 13

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the flow regime in an open channel?

Accepted Answer

Fluid temperature

Answer

Channel slope

Answer

Discharge

Answer

Channel roughness

Question 14

A hydraulic jump occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Flow changes from supercritical to subcritical

Answer

Flow changes from subcritical to supercritical

Answer

The Froude number is less than 1

Answer

The Froude number is greater than 1

Question 15

The gradually varied flow equation is applicable for:

Accepted Answer

Flow in channels with a gradually changing slope

Answer

Flow in channels with a constant slope

Answer

Flow in channels with a rapidly changing slope

Answer

Flow in channels with a parabolic cross-section

Question 16

Define specific energy of a flow.

Accepted Answer

Total energy per unit weight of fluid

Answer

Potential energy per unit weight of fluid

Answer

Kinetic energy per unit weight of fluid

Answer

Rate of energy dissipation per unit weight of fluid

Question 17

What is the primary distinction between gradually varied flow and rapidly varied flow?

Accepted Answer

Rate of change in depth

Answer

Effect of gravity

Answer

Type of channel bed

Answer

Flow velocity

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of a stilling basin in an open channel system?

Accepted Answer

To dissipate excess energy

Answer

To measure flow rate

Answer

To prevent erosion

Answer

To regulate flow depth

Question 19

In open channel flow, what does specific energy represent?

Accepted Answer

Energy held per unit weight of fluid

Answer

Energy held per unit volume of fluid

Answer

Energy held per unit mass of fluid

Answer

Energy held per unit time of fluid

Question 20

Define critical depth in open channel flow.

Accepted Answer

Depth at which specific energy is minimized

Answer

Depth at which flow efficiency is maximized

Answer

Depth at which flow becomes unstable

Answer

Depth at which flow transitions to laminar

Question 21

Identify the type of open channel flow characterized by a Froude number less than 1.

Accepted Answer

Subcritical flow

Answer

Supercritical flow

Answer

Critical flow

Answer

Unstable flow

Question 22

Describe the relationship between critical depth and normal depth in open channel flow.

Accepted Answer

The relationship varies with discharge and channel geometry

Answer

Critical depth is consistently less than normal depth

Answer

Critical depth is consistently greater than normal depth

Answer

Critical depth is equal to normal depth

Question 23

What is the primary function of a hydraulic jump in open channel flow?

Accepted Answer

Rapid energy dissipation

Answer

Increased flow depth

Answer

Decreased flow velocity

Answer

Improved flow efficiency

Question 24

What is the purpose of a stilling basin in an open channel flow system?

Accepted Answer

Energy dissipation and erosion prevention

Answer

Increased flow depth

Answer

Decreased flow velocity

Answer

Improved flow efficiency

Question 25

In open channel flow, supercritical flow occurs when the:

Accepted Answer

Froude number is greater than 1.

Answer

Froude number is less than 1.

Answer

Specific energy is at a minimum.

Answer

Critical depth is at a maximum.