History of Computing: A Journey Through the Evolution of Technology

Question 1

Who is credited with developing the Analytical Engine in the 19th century, often referred to as the first mechanical computer?

Accepted Answer

Charles Babbage

Answer

Ada Lovelace

Answer

Alan Turing

Answer

John von Neumann

Question 2

Which key innovation introduced the concept of storing instructions within the computer itself?

Accepted Answer

Stored-program computers

Answer

The transistor

Answer

The Turing Machine

Answer

High-level programming languages

Question 3

Who developed FORTRAN, the first widely recognized high-level programming language?

Accepted Answer

John Backus

Answer

Grace Hopper

Answer

Donald Knuth

Answer

Edsger Dijkstra

Question 4

Which fundamental concept underlies computer networks, including the Internet?

Accepted Answer

Packet switching

Answer

Data encryption

Answer

Cloud computing

Answer

Blockchain technology

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the client-server architecture in computing?

Accepted Answer

Peer-to-peer communication

Answer

Centralized data management

Answer

Distributed processing

Answer

Scalability

Question 6

What is the primary motivation driving the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)?

Accepted Answer

To replicate human intelligence in machines

Answer

To develop self-driving cars

Answer

To enhance medical diagnostics

Answer

To improve cybersecurity

Question 7

What is the primary benefit of cloud computing?

Accepted Answer

On-demand access to computing resources

Answer

Reduced hardware costs

Answer

Improved software reliability

Answer

Enhanced data security

Question 8

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Computing' for their contributions to the theoretical foundation of computer science and the invention of the Turing machine?

Accepted Answer

Alan Turing

Answer

John von Neumann

Answer

Charles Babbage

Answer

Grace Hopper

Question 9

Which of the following was the first fully electronic, general-purpose digital computer?

Accepted Answer

ENIAC

Answer

Altair 8800

Answer

Apple II

Answer

Z3

Question 10

Which high-level programming language, developed in the mid-1950s, is known for its simplicity and ease of learning?

Accepted Answer

BASIC

Answer

FORTRAN

Answer

COBOL

Answer

Pascal

Question 11

What is the term for the empirical observation that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles roughly every two years?

Accepted Answer

Moore's Law

Answer

Newton's Law of Gravity

Answer

Einstein's Theory of Relativity

Answer

Cybernetics Law

Question 12

Which operating system, released in 1995, marked a significant advancement in the development of user-friendly graphical user interfaces (GUIs)?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Windows 95

Answer

Linux Red Hat 5.0

Answer

macOS X

Answer

OS/2 Warp

Question 13

What is the term for a computer program that allows users to access and interact with the internet, providing access to websites and online content?

Accepted Answer

Web browser

Answer

Compiler

Answer

Database

Answer

Operating system

Question 14

Which type of computer memory is volatile and loses its data when power is removed?

Accepted Answer

RAM

Answer

ROM

Answer

Cache

Answer

Hard drive

Question 15

What international organization is responsible for developing and maintaining standards for computer and communication technologies?

Accepted Answer

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

United Nations (UN)

Answer

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a key societal impact of computer science?

Accepted Answer

Complete eradication of human jobs

Answer

Increased productivity and automation

Answer

Improved healthcare and scientific research

Answer

Enhanced communication and collaboration

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the ethical and responsible use of computer technology to ensure privacy, security, and accessibility?

Accepted Answer

Computer ethics

Answer

Cybersecurity

Answer

Digital literacy

Answer

Information technology governance

Question 18

Discuss the transformative effects that the development of computer science has had on various aspects of modern society.

Accepted Answer

Increased productivity and efficiency

Accepted Answer

Enhanced communication and collaboration

Accepted Answer

Boosted access to information and knowledge

Accepted Answer

Improved education and learning

Question 19

Who is widely considered the 'Father of Computing' due to his contributions to mechanical computation?

Accepted Answer

Charles Babbage

Answer

Grace Hopper

Answer

Tim Berners-Lee

Answer

Ada Lovelace

Question 20

Which invention, developed during World War II, is generally recognized as the first operational electronic digital computer?

Accepted Answer

ENIAC

Answer

IBM PC

Answer

Apple Macintosh

Answer

Colossus

Question 21

Which programming language, designed by Grace Hopper, is notable for its focus on readability and business applications?

Accepted Answer

COBOL

Answer

BASIC

Answer

Fortran

Answer

Java

Question 22

Which artificial intelligence technique involves training algorithms to learn from data and improve performance over time?

Accepted Answer

Machine learning

Answer

Natural language processing

Answer

Computer vision

Answer

Expert systems

Question 23

Which ethical consideration in computer science raises concerns about the potential for AI systems to make critical decisions that could impact individuals or society?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy and responsibility

Answer

Accessibility

Answer

Privacy and data security

Answer

Intellectual property

Question 24

Which software engineering methodology emphasizes iterative development, continuous feedback, and collaboration?

Accepted Answer

Agile

Answer

Scrum

Answer

Waterfall

Answer

Kanban

Question 25

Which cloud computing deployment model offers dedicated resources and isolated infrastructure for a single organization?

Accepted Answer

Private cloud

Answer

Public cloud

Answer

Hybrid cloud

Answer

Multi-cloud

Question 26

Which network protocol is the foundation of the internet, providing a unique address to each device connected to the network?

Accepted Answer

IP

Answer

TCP

Answer

UDP

Answer

HTTP

Question 27

Which technology enables the analysis and processing of massive datasets using distributed computing and specialized software frameworks?

Accepted Answer

Big data

Answer

Machine learning

Answer

Cloud computing

Answer

Data mining