Drug Targets and Receptors: A Comprehensive Guide for Pharmacy Students

Question 1

Which type of receptor can directly open or close ion channels?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

GPCRs

Answer

Nuclear receptors

Answer

Enzyme-linked receptors

Question 2

Which type of receptor is activated by endogenous ligands and plays a role in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear receptors

Answer

GPCRs

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

Toll-like receptors

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of drug target?

Accepted Answer

Hormones

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Receptors

Answer

Ion channels

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary structure of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)?

Accepted Answer

Seven transmembrane helices

Answer

Single transmembrane helix

Answer

Twelve transmembrane helices

Answer

Two transmembrane helices

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a competitive antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Digoxin

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of an irreversible ligand-receptor interaction?

Accepted Answer

The ligand forms a covalent bond with the receptor

Answer

The ligand dissociates from the receptor slowly

Answer

The ligand has a high affinity for the receptor

Answer

The ligand is not specific for the receptor

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of ion channel gated by voltage?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channel

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel

Answer

Mechanosensitive ion channel

Answer

Stretch-activated ion channel

Question 8

Which of the following is a type of enzyme that is commonly targeted by drugs?

Accepted Answer

Kinases

Answer

Ligases

Answer

Transferases

Answer

Hydrolases

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of drug target?

Accepted Answer

Ligands

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Receptors

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Accepted Answer

Seven transmembrane helices

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

Tyrosine kinase activity

Answer

Allosteric modulation

Question 11

The affinity between a ligand and its receptor is quantitatively measured by:

Accepted Answer

Kd

Answer

Km

Answer

IC50

Answer

EC50

Question 12

What is a potential drawback of allosteric modulation in drug design?

Accepted Answer

Higher development costs

Answer

Enhanced selectivity

Answer

Reduced side effects

Answer

Increased efficacy

Question 13

Which step in the early stages of drug development aligns with the principles of drug targets and receptors?

Accepted Answer

Identifying a specific protein involved in the disease process

Answer

Conducting clinical trials to determine the efficacy of the drug

Answer

Determining the optimal dosage for the drug

Question 14

The primary function of a receptor is to:

Accepted Answer

Bind to specific ligands with high affinity

Answer

Activate downstream signaling pathways

Answer

Transport molecules across cell membranes

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a target for drug action?

Accepted Answer

Metabolite

Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Receptor

Answer

Ion channel

Question 16

Which receptor subtype is characterized by ligand-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

Ionotropic

Answer

Metabotropic

Answer

Nuclear

Question 17

Which of the following is a common target for antineoplastic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Histamine H1 receptor

Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer

Serotonin transporter

Question 18

Which type of drug interaction involves competitive binding to the same receptor site?

Accepted Answer

Competitive antagonism

Answer

Partial agonism

Answer

Allosteric modulation

Answer

Non-competitive antagonism

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of a full agonist?

Accepted Answer

Produces a maximal response

Answer

Binds to the receptor but does not activate it

Answer

Can only bind to a specific subtype of receptor

Answer

Has a higher affinity for the receptor than the endogenous ligand

Question 20

Which technique can be used to study the binding of drugs to receptors?

Accepted Answer

Radioligand binding assay

Answer

Pulmonary function test

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Question 21

Which of the following is a potential consequence of receptor downregulation?

Accepted Answer

Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Answer

Enhanced receptor signalling

Answer

Development of new drug targets

Answer

Increased drug toxicity

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Receptors are always proteins.

Answer

Receptors exhibit specificity for their ligands.

Answer

Receptors can be modulated by allosteric effectors.

Answer

Receptors can mediate cellular responses.

Question 23

Which type of receptor directly interacts with a G protein upon ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Answer

Nuclear receptors

Answer

Ion channel receptors

Answer

Enzyme-linked receptors

Question 24

A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Answer

Inverse agonist

Answer

Allosteric modulator

Answer

Antagonist

Question 25

Which of the following describes the binding affinity of a drug to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Kd (dissociation constant)

Answer

Therapeutic index

Answer

EC50 (half maximal effective concentration)

Answer

Selectivity

Question 26

A drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Allosteric modulator

Answer

Agonist

Answer

Inverse agonist

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of a drug target that is NOT a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Ion channel receptor

Answer

G protein-coupled receptor

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Question 28

A drug that binds to a receptor at a site different from the active site and alters the receptor's response is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Allosteric modulator

Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Agonist

Answer

Inverse agonist

Question 29

Which of the following is a common target for drugs used to treat anxiety?

Accepted Answer

GABA receptors

Answer

Histamine receptors

Answer

Muscarinic receptors

Answer

Adrenergic receptors

Question 30

The concept of 'drug selectivity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability of a drug to preferentially bind to one receptor subtype over another.

Answer

The ability of a drug to bind to a specific receptor with high affinity.

Answer

The ability of a drug to reach its target site in the body.