Respiratory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology

Question 1

Which condition is a contraindication for using antitussives?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory depression

Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Bronchial asthma

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs)?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Protection against inhaled particles

Question 4

The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs are the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Pleural cavity

Question 5

Which of the following bronchodilators is a beta2-agonist?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Acetylcysteine

Answer

Codeine

Question 6

The primary mechanism of action of mucolytics is to:

Accepted Answer

Decrease mucus viscosity

Answer

Increase mucus production

Answer

Stimulate cough reflex

Answer

Inhibit inflammatory mediators

Question 7

Which of the following antitussives acts centrally to suppress the cough reflex?

Accepted Answer

Dextromethorphan

Answer

Pholcodine

Answer

Guaifenesin

Answer

Levodopa

Question 8

The respiratory rate is primarily controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

Answer

Body temperature

Question 9

The primary function of the surfactant in the lungs is to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

Facilitate gas exchange

Answer

Clear inhaled particles

Answer

Regulate airway tone

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is characterized by chronic, irreversible airflow limitation?

Accepted Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 11

The most common cause of respiratory failure in hospitalized patients is:

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Asthma exacerbation

Answer

Drug overdose

Question 12

What is the primary mechanism of action of mucolytics?

Accepted Answer

Reducing mucus viscosity

Answer

Increasing mucus production

Answer

Stimulating cilia movement

Answer

Inhibiting mucus secretion

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a key function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Lipid metabolism

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Acid-base balance

Answer

Thermoregulation

Question 14

The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Pleural cavity

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for inducing bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 16

The mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists includes:

Accepted Answer

Activation of beta-2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Answer

Stimulation of mucus secretion

Answer

Blockade of histamine receptors

Question 17

Which of the following is a commonly reported adverse effect of mucolytics?

Accepted Answer

Nausea

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Headache

Answer

Bronchospasm

Question 18

The primary mechanism of action of antitussives is to:

Accepted Answer

Suppress the cough reflex

Answer

Increase mucus production

Answer

Dilate the airways

Answer

Reduce inflammation

Question 19

The primary therapeutic goal of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of asthma is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce airway inflammation

Answer

Relieve bronchospasm

Answer

Promote mucus production

Answer

Prevent infection

Question 20

The most appropriate method for oxygen therapy delivery in the case of severe respiratory distress is:

Accepted Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Answer

Nasal cannula

Answer

Simple face mask

Answer

Venturi mask

Question 21

Identify the primary mechanism of action through which beta-2 agonists exert their therapeutic effect in asthma management.

Accepted Answer

Relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Blocking the release of histamine

Answer

Reducing mucus production

Answer

Enhancing the immune response

Question 22

Which respiratory cell type is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells

Answer

Clara cells

Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Answer

Bronchiolar epithelial cells

Question 23

Which structure in the nasal cavity humidifies inhaled air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal mucosa

Answer

Alveolar mucosa

Answer

Bronchial mucosa

Answer

Tracheal mucosa

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

To protect against pathogens

Answer

To enhance oxygen diffusion

Question 25

What is the primary mechanism of action of beta2-agonists in treating asthma?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Promotion of mucus secretion

Answer

Inhibition of histamine release

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Excretion of waste products

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Question 27

Which membrane separates the lungs from the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Peritoneum

Question 28

Which type of respiratory failure is characterized by elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hypercapnic respiratory failure

Answer

Mixed respiratory failure

Answer

Hypoxemic respiratory failure

Question 29

What is the primary function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

To prevent food from entering the larynx

Answer

To produce sound

Answer

To regulate lung volume

Answer

To facilitate air passage into the lungs

Question 30

Which is a potential complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Cor pulmonale

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Renal failure