Pharmacokinetics: Master Drug Movement in the Body

Question 1

Which of the following is not a recognized mechanism of drug excretion?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion across the skin

Answer

Glomerular filtration

Answer

Tubular secretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential consequence of increased protein binding of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Reduced free drug concentration

Answer

Increased drug efficacy

Answer

Accelerated drug metabolism

Answer

Enhanced drug excretion

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary route of clearance for water-soluble drugs?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration

Answer

Tubular secretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Answer

Passive diffusion

Question 4

Which of the following factors does NOT influence drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Genetic makeup of the patient

Answer

pH of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Blood flow to the absorption site

Answer

Route of administration

Question 5

Which of the following reactions is classified as a phase I metabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Conjugation

Question 6

Which of the following medications has a high level of protein binding?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Acetaminophen

Question 7

The elimination half-life of a drug indicates:

Accepted Answer

The time required for the drug concentration in plasma to decrease by 50%

Answer

The time it takes for the drug to be completely removed from the body

Answer

The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body

Answer

The volume of distribution of the drug

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model?

Accepted Answer

One-compartment model

Answer

Two-compartment model

Answer

Mammillary model

Answer

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model

Question 9

Steady-state concentration of a drug is achieved when:

Accepted Answer

The rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug elimination

Answer

The drug is first administered

Answer

The maximum concentration of the drug in plasma is reached

Answer

The minimum concentration of the drug in plasma is reached

Question 10

Which route of drug absorption involves the movement of a drug across a cell membrane without the need for energy?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in pharmacokinetics, the study of drug movement in the body?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Question 12

The rate at which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration is primarily influenced by its:

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient

Answer

Lipophilicity

Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Polarity

Question 13

The primary organ responsible for metabolizing drugs in the body is the:

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 14

The volume of distribution of a drug indicates:

Accepted Answer

The extent of drug distribution throughout the body

Answer

The amount of drug in the body

Answer

The concentration of drug in the blood

Answer

The rate of drug elimination

Question 15

A characteristic of first-order elimination kinetics is that:

Accepted Answer

The rate of drug elimination is proportional to the drug concentration

Answer

The elimination half-life remains constant

Answer

The elimination rate decreases over time

Answer

The elimination is independent of initial drug concentration

Question 16

Bioavailability refers to:

Accepted Answer

The proportion of the administered dose that reaches the bloodstream

Answer

The concentration of the drug in the blood

Answer

The time to reach peak plasma concentration

Answer

The rate of drug elimination

Question 17

Which route of drug administration generally results in the highest bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 18

Which route of drug administration provides the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Question 19

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for drug metabolism in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 20

Which pathway is the primary route of drug excretion?

Accepted Answer

Renal

Answer

Hepatic

Answer

Pulmonary

Answer

Cutaneous

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of conducting pharmacokinetic studies?

Accepted Answer

To optimize drug therapy

Answer

To understand drug interactions

Answer

To discover new drugs

Answer

To identify adverse drug reactions

Question 22

Explain the difference between volume of distribution and apparent volume of distribution.

Accepted Answer

Volume of distribution only considers the free drug, whereas apparent volume of distribution includes both free and bound drug.

Answer

There is no difference between these two concepts.

Question 23

Which type of clearance is most significant in drug elimination through the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Renal clearance

Answer

Cutaneous clearance

Answer

Pulmonary clearance

Answer

Hepatic clearance

Question 24

Describe the relationship between half-life and the duration of action of a drug.

Accepted Answer

The duration of action is typically four to five times the half-life.

Answer

The duration of action is typically half the half-life.

Answer

The half-life is typically four to five times the duration of action.