Introduction to Computer Science: Master the Fundamentals

Question 1

Which component is NOT a fundamental building block of a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Webcam

Answer

Processor

Answer

Storage Device

Answer

Power Supply Unit

Question 2

Which layer is NOT part of the TCP/IP model?

Accepted Answer

Physical

Answer

Application

Answer

Transport

Answer

Network

Question 3

In the von Neumann architecture, which component is responsible for carrying out instructions?

Accepted Answer

Control unit

Answer

Arithmetic logic unit

Answer

Memory

Answer

Input/output devices

Question 4

Which of the following is a hardware component?

Accepted Answer

Keyboard

Answer

Operating System

Answer

Compiler

Answer

File

Question 5

In the von Neumann architecture, what is the correct sequence of stages involved in executing an instruction?

Accepted Answer

Fetch, Decode, Execute, Write Back

Answer

Decode, Fetch, Execute, Write Back

Answer

Execute, Fetch, Decode, Write Back

Answer

Write Back, Fetch, Decode, Execute

Question 6

What is the main purpose of a compiler in a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Converting high-level code into machine instructions

Answer

Directing data and instructions in the CPU

Answer

Reducing data size for storage

Answer

Finding and fixing errors in code

Question 7

In a computer system, which component stores data that the CPU can access quickly?

Accepted Answer

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Answer

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Answer

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

Answer

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

Question 8

Which of the following is not a physical type of computer network?

Accepted Answer

VPN

Answer

LAN

Answer

WAN

Answer

MAN

Question 9

Which component is essential for connecting devices in a computer network?

Accepted Answer

Switch

Answer

Power supply

Answer

Video card

Answer

Mouse

Question 10

Which of the following is **not** a type of computer system architecture?

Accepted Answer

Cache memory

Answer

Von Neumann architecture

Answer

Harvard architecture

Answer

Modified Harvard architecture

Question 11

Which component is NOT typically found in a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Scanner

Answer

Processor

Answer

Memory (RAM and ROM)

Answer

Network adapter

Question 12

In a computer system, which component is NOT involved in directly processing information?

Accepted Answer

Router

Answer

Processor

Answer

Memory

Answer

Hard disk drive

Question 13

What is the fundamental unit of data that computers store, process, and interpret?

Accepted Answer

Bit

Answer

Byte

Answer

Kilobyte

Answer

Megabyte

Question 14

Which of the following components are essential for a computer system to operate?

Accepted Answer

Processor

Accepted Answer

Power supply

Answer

Keyboard

Answer

Printer

Question 15

In a computer system, which type of memory is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off?

Accepted Answer

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Answer

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Answer

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)

Answer

Cache Memory

Question 16

Identify the component that is NOT an essential part of a computer system's hardware architecture:

Accepted Answer

Keyboard

Answer

Processor

Answer

Memory

Answer

Motherboard

Question 17

Which type of computer network spans a vast geographical area, connecting devices across significant distances?

Accepted Answer

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Answer

Local Area Network (LAN)

Question 18

What key feature differentiates a computer network from a group of individual computers?

Accepted Answer

Shared resources

Answer

Increased processing power

Answer

Specialized hardware components

Question 19

In the von Neumann architecture, which component manages the flow of data and instructions in a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Control unit

Answer

Arithmetic logic unit

Answer

Memory

Answer

Network interface card

Question 20

Which of the following is **not** a physical component found in a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Operating System

Answer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer

Memory (RAM)

Answer

Input/Output Devices

Question 21

Who is widely recognized for developing the theoretical framework for the first general-purpose electronic computer, establishing the foundation for modern computer architecture?

Accepted Answer

John von Neumann

Answer

Alan Turing

Answer

Charles Babbage

Answer

Grace Hopper

Question 22

What distinctive feature makes the octal number system useful in specific applications?

Accepted Answer

Each octal digit is represented by 3 bits.

Answer

It is used in decimal arithmetic operations.

Answer

It is a hexadecimal-based system.

Question 23

Who is known as the 'Father of Computing' for their pioneering work in the early development of computers?

Accepted Answer

Charles Babbage

Answer

Bill Gates

Answer

Tim Berners-Lee

Question 24

What is NOT a core responsibility of an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Updating software

Answer

Managing memory

Answer

Handling file operations

Answer

Scheduling processes

Question 25

Within a computer system's main memory, what is the main function of a memory management unit (MMU)?

Accepted Answer

Effectively allocating and managing physical memory for various processes

Answer

Managing memory errors and ensuring data integrity

Answer

Controlling data transfer between the CPU and storage devices

Answer

Providing a user-friendly interface for computer interaction

Question 26

What is the defining characteristic that sets a stack apart from a queue in the realm of data structures?

Accepted Answer

Stacks follow Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principles, while queues adhere to First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principles.

Answer

Stacks are non-linear, while queues are linear in nature.

Question 27

Within the software development lifecycle, which phase involves converting high-level code into machine-level instructions, making it ready for execution by the computer?

Accepted Answer

Compilation

Answer

Unit Testing

Answer

Requirements Gathering

Question 28

Within a computer system, what is the main purpose of an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Manage hardware resources and provide a user interface

Answer

Store and retrieve data from the computer's memory

Answer

Execute programs and applications directly

Answer

Perform complex mathematical calculations and scientific computations

Question 29

In a computer system, which component acts as the central command center, directing the execution of instructions and controlling the flow of data and signals?

Accepted Answer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer

Storage Devices

Question 30

Which of these memory types loses its data when the power is turned off?

Accepted Answer

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Answer

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Answer

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Question 31

In a computer network, what is the main function of a router?

Accepted Answer

To connect different networks and facilitate data transfer between them.

Answer

To allow communication between devices in the same network segment.

Answer

To convert domain names into IP addresses.

Question 32

Which hardware component in a computer system is responsible for connecting various devices and enabling data exchange between them?

Accepted Answer

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Answer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Question 33

Which network device is designed to determine the most efficient path for data transmission across interconnected networks?

Accepted Answer

Router

Answer

Switch

Answer

Firewall

Answer

Modem

Question 34

In computer networks, what is the main purpose of a network interface card (NIC)?

Accepted Answer

Connect devices and enable communication on a network.

Answer

Store data on a computer system.

Answer

Display information on a screen.

Answer

Manage memory resources in a computer system.

Question 35

Which of the following is a low-level programming paradigm?

Accepted Answer

Assembly Language

Answer

Imperative Programming

Answer

Declarative Programming

Answer

Functional Programming

Question 36

Which of the following refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, RAM, and storage devices?

Accepted Answer

Computer Hardware

Answer

Software Programs

Answer

Internet Services

Question 37

In computer architecture, what is the primary function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

Accepted Answer

Performing mathematical calculations and logical comparisons

Answer

Storing and managing data in memory

Answer

Translating high-level programming languages into machine code

Answer

Managing the transfer of data between different computer components

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a type of computer network?

Accepted Answer

Wi-Fi

Answer

LAN (Local Area Network)

Answer

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Answer

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Question 39

In binary code, what is the most basic unit of data?

Accepted Answer

Bit

Answer

Byte

Answer

Integer

Answer

Character

Question 40

In digital logic, what operation represents the negation of a logical expression?

Accepted Answer

NOT

Answer

AND

Answer

OR

Answer

XOR

Question 41

Which of the following is a software component of a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Operating system (OS)

Answer

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Answer

Control unit (CU)

Answer

Memory

Question 42

In a computer system, which component is responsible for managing system resources and facilitating communication between hardware and software?

Accepted Answer

Operating System (OS)

Answer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a valid number system used in computer science?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary

Answer

Binary

Answer

Octal

Answer

Decimal

Question 44

What is the primary function of an operating system in a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Manage hardware and software resources

Answer

Translate high-level programming languages

Answer

Provide common user tasks tools

Answer

Store data and programs

Question 45

A computer system has a processor with a 64-bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus. What is the maximum memory size (in bytes) that the processor can directly access?

Accepted Answer

2^32

Answer

2^64

Answer

64

Answer

32

Question 46

What is the software that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer called?

Accepted Answer

Operating system

Answer

Application software

Answer

Compiler

Answer

Database

Question 47

Which of the following is a type of data structure commonly used in computer science?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Loop

Answer

Function

Answer

Variable

Question 48

Which of the following is **not** a fundamental component of a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Algorithm

Answer

Hardware

Answer

Software

Answer

Data

Question 49

What is the main purpose of a compiler in the context of programming?

Accepted Answer

To convert high-level code into machine code.

Answer

To interpret high-level code during program execution.

Answer

To run a program.

Answer

To debug a program.

Question 50

What is the key difference between a variable and a constant in programming?

Accepted Answer

A variable can change its value during program execution, while a constant cannot.

Answer

A constant can change its value during program execution, while a variable cannot.

Answer

A variable is used to store data, while a constant is used to store instructions.

Answer

There is no difference between a variable and a constant.

Question 51

Which of the following is **not** a type of software program?

Accepted Answer

Algorithm

Answer

Operating system

Answer

Application software

Answer

Firmware

Question 52

Within the von Neumann architecture, which component is responsible for coordinating and directing the flow of data and instructions?

Accepted Answer

Control unit

Answer

Memory unit

Answer

Arithmetic logic unit

Answer

Input unit

Question 53

Which of the following best describes the primary function of an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Managing hardware resources and providing essential services

Answer

Translating user requests into machine code

Answer

Storing data and instructions

Answer

Performing mathematical and logical operations

Question 54

In software engineering, which paradigm emphasizes organizing code into reusable and self-contained modules known as objects?

Accepted Answer

Object-oriented programming

Answer

Procedural programming

Answer

Functional programming

Answer

Logic programming

Question 55

What key distinction exists between a compiler and an interpreter in program execution?

Accepted Answer

A compiler translates the entire program into machine code before execution, while an interpreter executes it line by line.

Answer

An interpreter translates the entire program into machine code before execution, while a compiler executes it line by line.

Answer

Both a compiler and an interpreter translate the entire program into machine code before execution.

Answer

Neither a compiler nor an interpreter translates the program into machine code before execution.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a high-level programming language?

Accepted Answer

Assembly language

Answer

Compiled languages

Answer

Interpreted languages

Answer

Scripting languages

Question 57

What is a potential drawback of a microkernel architecture?

Accepted Answer

Potential performance limitations

Answer

Enhanced security

Answer

Increased performance

Answer

Reduced complexity

Question 58

How do you perform addition and subtraction operations on binary numbers, considering carry and borrow?

Accepted Answer

Add or subtract the corresponding bits, carrying or borrowing as needed.

Answer

Convert the binary numbers to decimal, perform the operation, and convert the result back to binary.

Answer

Use a lookup table to determine the result of each bit operation.

Answer

Ignore carrying or borrowing and simply add or subtract the bits.

Question 59

In the design of programming languages, which of the following is considered a lower priority goal compared to simplicity, reliability, and understandability?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Maintainability

Answer

Extensibility

Answer

Portability

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental component of a computer system?

Accepted Answer

User

Answer

Software

Answer

Hardware

Answer

Data

Question 61

Programming languages that are closer to human language and easier to understand are classified as

Accepted Answer

High-level programming languages

Answer

Low-level programming languages

Answer

Assembly languages

Answer

Machine languages

Question 62

Identify the primary distinction between hardware and software in a computer system.

Accepted Answer

Hardware is tangible, while software is intangible.

Answer

Hardware is volatile, while software is non-volatile.

Answer

Hardware is used for input, while software is used for output.

Answer

Software is used for input, while hardware is used for output.

Question 63

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a compiler?

Accepted Answer

Translates high-level code into machine code

Answer

Manages memory allocation dynamically

Answer

Executes programs directly without translation

Answer

Provides a graphical user interface for user interaction

Question 64

The primary purpose of a firewall in a computer network is to

Accepted Answer

Prevent unauthorized access and protect against cyber threats

Answer

Enhance network performance by optimizing data transmission

Answer

Connect multiple networks and facilitate data exchange

Answer

Monitor network traffic and identify suspicious activities