Endodontics: Root Canal Treatment for Dental Pulp and Periradicular Tissues

Question 1

In veterinary medicine, which statement best describes the characteristics of the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Characterized by vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, allowing immune cells to reach the affected area.

Answer

Limited to the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, and always beneficial to the host.

Answer

Exclusively triggered by bacterial infections, leading to the formation of pus.

Answer

Exclusively a localized and short-lived process, resolving within a few hours.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of pathological alteration that can occur within cells?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Hypertrophy

Question 3

Inflammation involves a series of events that defend the body against injury or infection. Which of the following is NOT a classic sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Itching

Answer

Redness

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Heat

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a pathological change that can occur in cells and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration

Answer

Karyolysis

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 5

Which pathological change is characterized by an increase in cell size due to increased workload or persistent stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 6

Which type of inflammatory response occurs quickly and lasts for a short period?

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation

Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Subacute inflammation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a pathological change that can occur in cells and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 8

Which of the following describes pathological changes in cell function and structure?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Senescence

Answer

Mitotic arrest

Answer

Metastasis

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a pathological alteration that can affect cells and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Physiological

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Fibrosis

Question 10

Inflammation is a complex biological process with distinct characteristics. Which of the following is NOT a primary indicator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever (hyperthermia)

Answer

Redness (rubor)

Answer

Swelling (edema)

Answer

Pain (dolor)

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Acute inflammation

Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Answer

Interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibit bacterial DNA replication

Answer

Inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** an indication for endodontic therapy?

Accepted Answer

Crown fracture NOT involving the pulp

Answer

Irreversible pulpitis

Answer

Apical periodontitis

Answer

Recurrent caries beneath a restoration

Question 15

What is the primary objective of root canal treatment?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate infection and inflammation

Answer

To restore the tooth's original appearance

Answer

To prevent further damage to the tooth

Answer

To provide immediate pain relief

Question 16

Which of the following is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics?

Accepted Answer

Sodium hypochlorite

Answer

Chlorhexidine

Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 17

What is the primary function of a rubber dam in endodontics?

Accepted Answer

To isolate the treatment area from saliva and contaminants

Answer

To provide retraction of the soft tissues

Answer

To improve visibility

Answer

To facilitate access to the pulp chamber

Question 18

Which of the following is a contraindication for endodontic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Patient's **inability** to undergo surgery

Answer

Limited access to the surgical site

Answer

Advanced periodontal disease

Answer

Unrestorable coronal tooth structure

Question 19

What instrument is used to locate the root canals?

Accepted Answer

Endodontic explorer

Answer

Periodontal probe

Answer

K-file

Answer

H-file

Question 20

What is the most common cause of pulpitis?

Accepted Answer

Dental caries

Answer

Dental trauma

Answer

Periodontal disease

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of pulpitis and apical periodontitis?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Chemical irritation

Question 22

Which of the following is the primary cause of pulpal inflammation in teeth with carious lesions?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial invasion through dentinal tubules

Answer

Direct trauma to the pulp

Answer

Root resorption due to occlusal overload

Answer

Periodontal disease extending into the pulp chamber

Question 23

Which of the following is the most common indication for endodontic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Persistent apical periodontitis that does not respond to nonsurgical treatment

Answer

Crown fracture involving the pulp but without extensive coronal destruction

Answer

Root canal perforation that cannot be sealed nonsurgically

Answer

Vertical root fracture that extends into the furcation

Question 24

Which of the following materials is used to obturate the root canal space and seal it from the external environment?

Accepted Answer

Gutta-percha

Answer

Amalgam

Answer

Composite resin

Answer

Zinc oxide eugenol

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of irreversible pulpitis?

Accepted Answer

Pain that is relieved by cold stimuli

Answer

Spontaneous pain that occurs without any stimulus

Answer

Pain that lingers for several minutes after the removal of a stimulus

Answer

Foul-smelling discharge from the root canal space

Question 26

Which of the following tests is primarily used to assess the vitality of the dental pulp?

Accepted Answer

Electric pulp test

Answer

Cold test

Answer

Heat test

Answer

Percussion test

Question 27

Which instrument is specifically designed to shape and clean the root canal during root canal therapy?

Accepted Answer

Endodontic file

Answer

Dental bur

Answer

Explorer

Answer

Curette

Question 28

Which condition is most commonly associated with the onset of endodontic pain?

Accepted Answer

Pulpitis

Answer

Periradiculitis

Answer

Periodontal disease

Answer

Caries

Question 29

Which material is typically used to fill the root canal system after root canal therapy?

Accepted Answer

Gutta-percha

Answer

Composite resin

Answer

Amalgam

Answer

Glass ionomer cement

Question 30

What is the primary purpose of rubber dam isolation during endodontic procedures?

Accepted Answer

To prevent contamination of the root canal system

Answer

To enhance visibility of the operating field

Answer

To facilitate access to the root canal system

Answer

To reduce patient discomfort

Question 31

In endodontic treatment, what is the core principle of minimally invasive dentistry?

Accepted Answer

Preserving tooth structure and minimizing discomfort after treatment

Answer

Increasing patient satisfaction and shortening treatment time

Answer

Avoiding the use of local anesthesia and antibiotics

Question 32

Which characteristic is undesirable for a root canal sealer?

Accepted Answer

Solubility in tissue fluids

Answer

Biocompatibility

Answer

Radiopacity

Answer

Antimicrobial properties

Question 33

Which two histopathological features differentiate a radicular cyst from an apical granuloma?

Accepted Answer

Radicular cysts are lined by stratified squamous epithelium, while apical granulomas are lined by cuboidal epithelium.

Answer

Radicular cysts are always unilocular, while apical granulomas can be multilocular.

Answer

Radicular cysts are always asymptomatic, while apical granulomas are always painful.

Question 34

What is a potential drawback of using an operating microscope during endodontic microsurgery?

Accepted Answer

Increased treatment time

Answer

Enhanced visualization

Answer

Improved precision and accuracy

Answer

Reduced risk of procedural errors

Question 35

What is the primary objective of regenerative endodontics?

Accepted Answer

Preserve pulp vitality

Answer

Prevent tooth loss

Answer

Eliminate infection

Answer

Restore full tooth function

Question 36

The primary goal of endodontic therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate infection and pain from the root canal system

Answer

Restore the tooth to its original appearance and function

Answer

Prevent future decay and infection

Answer

Enhance the aesthetics of the tooth

Question 37

Which instrument is primarily used to determine the working length of a root canal?

Accepted Answer

Apical locator

Answer

Endodontic file

Answer

Gutta-percha point

Answer

Rubber dam

Question 38

The primary component of gutta-percha used in endodontic obturation is:

Accepted Answer

Polyisoprene

Answer

Natural rubber

Answer

Synthetic rubber

Answer

Polyethylene

Question 39

To locate root canal orifices, which technique is commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Explorer and magnifying loupes

Answer

Transillumination

Answer

Radiography

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 40

The primary indication for endodontic therapy is:

Accepted Answer

Irreversible pulpitis

Answer

Periapical abscess

Answer

Vertical root fracture

Answer

Tooth sensitivity

Question 41

In endodontic procedures, the recommended irrigant for disinfecting root canals is:

Accepted Answer

Sodium hypochlorite

Answer

Chlorhexidine

Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer

Saline

Question 42

In endodontic therapy, the purpose of obturation is:

Accepted Answer

Sealing the root canal system

Answer

Providing support to the tooth structure

Answer

Eliminating bacteria from the canal

Answer

Promoting healing of the periradicular tissues

Question 43

What is the primary objective of pulpectomy?

Accepted Answer

To eradicate infected or inflamed pulp tissue.

Answer

To prevent the spread of infection through the apical foramen.

Answer

To promote healing of the periradicular tissues.

Answer

To maintain the vitality of the pulp.

Question 44

What is the primary purpose of a rubber dam in endodontic therapy?

Accepted Answer

To isolate the treated tooth from the oral cavity and prevent contamination.

Answer

To provide better illumination in the treatment area by blocking ambient light.

Answer

To facilitate access to the root canal system by retraction of adjacent soft tissues.

Answer

To improve visualization through increased magnification.

Question 45

Which radiographic view is typically used to assess the length of a root canal?

Accepted Answer

Periapical radiograph.

Answer

Bitewing radiograph.

Answer

Lateral cephalometric radiograph.

Answer

Panoramic radiograph.

Question 46

In endodontics, which technique is NOT employed for diagnosing pulp and periradicular diseases?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Radiographic examination

Answer

Electric pulp testing

Answer

Thermal testing

Question 47

What is the fundamental goal of root canal treatment?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate or prevent the progression of endodontic infection in the root canal system and its surrounding tissues.

Answer

To structurally reinforce the weakened tooth.

Answer

To restore the tooth's function and aesthetics.

Answer

To alleviate odontalgia (toothache).

Question 48

What is the significance of a negative pulp sensibility test, where there is no response to thermal or electrical stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Indicates pulpal necrosis or severe pulpal damage

Answer

Rules out the need for further endodontic treatment and indicates a healthy pulp

Answer

Confirms reversible pulpitis and the need for conservative treatment

Answer

Suggests apical periodontitis and the presence of irreversible inflammation

Question 49

What is the primary purpose of endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate infection and preserve the affected tooth by removing diseased or necrotic pulp tissue and preventing its spread

Answer

To prevent periodontal disease by eliminating sources of infection in the pulp

Answer

To replace damaged root structure using restorative materials

Question 50

What is the most common cause of endodontic disease, leading to inflammation and infection of the pulp?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection resulting from caries or trauma that allows bacteria to enter the pulp chamber

Answer

Trauma that directly damages the pulp or disrupts its blood supply

Answer

Autoimmune disorders that disrupt normal immune responses in the pulp

Answer

Nutritional deficiencies that compromise the health and vitality of the pulp

Question 51

Which of the following conditions is generally NOT considered an indication for root canal therapy?

Accepted Answer

Reversible pulpitis, where inflammation is mild and the pulp can potentially recover with proper care

Answer

Irreversible pulpitis, where inflammation is severe and the pulp is irreversibly damaged

Answer

Vertical root fracture that extends into the pulp chamber and compromises its integrity

Answer

Periapical abscess, where infection has spread beyond the root tip and formed a localized collection of pus

Question 52

What is the primary objective of root canal preparation during endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

To remove infected or necrotic pulp tissue, clean and shape the root canal system, and create a space suitable for obturation

Answer

To remove all dentin from the canal walls to ensure complete disinfection

Answer

To widen the canals to allow for easier access and visualization during treatment

Question 53

Which of the following materials is commonly used as the primary filling material to seal and obturate root canals after they have been cleaned and shaped?

Accepted Answer

Gutta-percha, a biocompatible and moldable material that is used together with a sealer to create a tight seal

Answer

Composite resin, a restorative material that is not typically used for obturation due to its limited flexibility

Answer

Zinc oxide-eugenol cement, a temporary material that is sometimes used for short-term obturation but is not suitable for long-term sealing

Answer

Amalgam, an older material that is no longer commonly used for root canal obturation due to concerns about its toxicity

Question 54

What is the purpose of using a rubber dam during endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

To isolate the treatment area from the rest of the mouth, prevent saliva contamination, enhance visibility, and maintain a clean and dry operating field

Answer

To stabilize the tooth during treatment and prevent movement

Answer

To provide local anesthesia and reduce discomfort during the procedure

Question 55

Which of the following is the primary cause of pulpitis in permanent teeth?

Accepted Answer

Dental caries

Answer

Bruxism

Answer

Periodontal disease

Answer

Trauma

Question 56

What is the primary objective of endodontic therapy?

Accepted Answer

Preserve the natural tooth and prevent the spread of infection

Answer

Prevent the spread of infection only

Answer

Eliminate pain only

Answer

Restore the function of the tooth only

Question 57

What is the recommended frequency for recall appointments following endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

Every 6 to 12 months

Answer

Every 3 to 6 months

Answer

Only if symptoms develop

Answer

Every 1 to 3 months

Question 58

Which of the following is a typical indication for endodontic treatment in a patient with an irreversible pulpitis?

Accepted Answer

Severe, spontaneous tooth pain, exacerbated by hot or cold stimuli and lasting for more than 24 hours

Answer

An intact tooth with no symptoms

Answer

A periodontal abscess

Question 59

What is the primary objective of root canal therapy?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate infection and prevent its spread throughout the root canal system and beyond the apex

Answer

To restore the tooth's esthetics

Answer

To alleviate pain

Answer

To strengthen the tooth structure

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the root canal system of a tooth?

Accepted Answer

Enamel

Answer

Root canals

Answer

Pulp chamber

Answer

Apical foramen

Question 61

What is the main significance of using an apex locator in endodontics?

Accepted Answer

It aids in accurately determining the location of the apical foramen, guiding the clinician to establish an optimal working length for effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system.

Answer

It measures the working length of the root canal

Answer

It identifies the presence of root canal calcifications

Question 62

Which of the following is a primary function of gutta-percha in endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

To fill and seal the prepared root canal system, preventing reinfection and maintaining a bacteria-free environment within the canals.

Answer

To promote root canal healing

Answer

To provide structural support to the tooth

Answer

To disinfect the root canal system

Question 63

In endodontic treatment, what is the main purpose of using a rubber dam?

Accepted Answer

To isolate the treatment area, preventing contamination from saliva, blood, and other oral fluids, and creating a clean and dry operating field.

Answer

To stabilize the tooth and prevent movement

Answer

To retract the gingiva and improve visibility

Question 64

What is the most common cause of failure in endodontic treatment?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate disinfection and sealing of the root canal system, allowing bacteria to persist or re-enter the canals and cause re-infection.

Answer

Patient non-compliance

Answer

Iatrogenic errors