Security and Conflict: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to nuclear proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Disarmament agreements and international cooperation

Answer

Nuclear energy research for peaceful purposes

Answer

Spread of nuclear technology through illicit trade

Answer

Nuclear weapon development programs

Question 2

Asymmetric warfare is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Non-state actors employing unconventional tactics against state actors

Answer

Clash between forces of roughly equal power

Answer

Conflict exclusively waged in the cyber domain

Answer

Traditional warfare involving nuclear weapons

Question 3

A core principle of realism in international relations theory is:

Accepted Answer

States are dominant actors in international politics

Answer

Economic interdependence prevents war

Answer

International law and organizations effectively resolve conflicts

Answer

Foreign policy should be based on moral considerations

Question 4

Which country is NOT part of the United Kingdom's 'Five Eyes' intelligence alliance?

Accepted Answer

China

Answer

United States

Answer

Canada

Answer

Australia

Question 5

Excessive military spending can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Economic instability

Answer

Increased diplomatic tensions

Answer

Enhanced national security

Answer

Strengthened global cooperation

Question 6

The doctrine of 'mutual assured destruction' (MAD) assumes that:

Accepted Answer

Nations are deterred from initiating a nuclear attack due to fear of retaliation

Answer

Nuclear war can be won through a surprise attack

Answer

Nuclear weapons are primarily defensive in nature

Answer

Arms control is not necessary for nuclear deterrence

Question 7

The 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) principle arose from:

Accepted Answer

The failure to prevent genocide in Rwanda

Answer

The misuse of nuclear weapons in the Cold War

Answer

The eruption of the Arab Spring

Answer

The rise of terrorism

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature of 'soft power' in international relations?

Accepted Answer

Cultural influence and persuasion

Answer

Coercion and military force

Answer

Economic sanctions and trade embargoes

Answer

Diplomatic isolation and ostracism

Question 9

The 'Arab Spring' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A series of popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa

Answer

A military alliance between Arab states

Answer

A peace accord between Israel and Palestine

Answer

A development initiative by the World Bank

Question 10

Which of the following is **not** a commonly recognized major cause of war, according to theories covered in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Climate change

Answer

Economic competition

Answer

Ideological differences

Answer

Religious intolerance

Question 11

What is the primary objective of nuclear non-proliferation treaties?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to new countries

Answer

To eliminate all existing nuclear weapons

Answer

To promote nuclear disarmament

Answer

To establish a global nuclear weapons-free zone

Question 12

What is the concept of 'security dilemma'?

Accepted Answer

The situation in which states' actions to increase their own security can unintentionally decrease the security of others

Answer

The belief that war is inevitable due to the inherent nature of human beings

Answer

The theory that the best way to prevent war is to prepare for it

Answer

The idea that security can only be achieved through military dominance

Question 13

What is the concept of 'soft power' in international relations?

Accepted Answer

The ability to influence others through persuasion, attraction, and cultural appeal

Answer

The use of military force to achieve political objectives

Answer

The ability to project economic strength

Answer

The use of diplomacy to resolve conflicts

Question 14

According to the realist perspective in international relations, what is the primary objective of states?

Accepted Answer

To maximize their power and security

Answer

To promote human rights and democracy

Answer

To achieve economic prosperity and well-being

Answer

To maintain international stability and cooperation

Question 15

Which factor is considered a major contributor to the proliferation of nuclear weapons?

Accepted Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Economic sanctions

Answer

International treaties

Answer

Public pressure

Question 16

The Geneva Conventions, adopted in 1949, establish international legal standards for the:

Accepted Answer

Treatment of prisoners of war

Answer

Prevention of genocide

Answer

Use of force in self-defense

Answer

Settlement of territorial disputes

Question 17

Which of the following is a recognized strategy for preventing conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Diplomatic mediation and negotiation

Answer

Economic sanctions

Answer

Preemptive military strikes

Answer

Nuclear deterrence

Question 18

The concept of 'human security' emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Protection of individuals and communities

Answer

State security

Answer

Economic development

Answer

Environmental sustainability

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a widely recognized major cause of war, as studied in International Relations?

Accepted Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Extreme economic disparity

Answer

Prolonged political grievances

Answer

Cultural misunderstandings

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a major contributing factor to nuclear proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Environmental concerns

Answer

Political instability

Answer

Advancements in technology

Answer

Economic incentives

Question 21

According to the 'spiral model' theory of conflict, which action by one party is most likely to exacerbate the conflict?

Accepted Answer

Increasing military spending

Answer

Making concessions

Answer

Engaging in dialogue

Answer

Seeking mediation

Question 22

What is the primary mandate of the United Nations Security Council?

Accepted Answer

To maintain international peace and security

Answer

To promote global economic development

Answer

To address international human rights violations

Answer

To regulate global trade

Question 23

What is the key distinction between absolute and relative deprivation in conflict analysis?

Accepted Answer

Absolute deprivation refers to the lack of basic necessities, while relative deprivation refers to a perception of inequality.

Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the lack of basic necessities, while absolute deprivation refers to a perception of inequality.

Answer

Both absolute and relative deprivation are irrelevant to conflict analysis.

Answer

There is no difference between absolute and relative deprivation.

Question 24

How does culture influence efforts to understand and resolve conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Culture shapes perceptions, values, and behaviors that can impact conflict dynamics.

Answer

Culture is irrelevant to conflict resolution.

Answer

Culture can only contribute to conflict.

Answer

Culture has no impact on conflict.

Question 25

What is the primary function of the United Nations in resolving international conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Mediate and facilitate negotiations between conflicting parties

Answer

Enforce peace through direct military intervention

Answer

Impose economic sanctions and embargoes on conflicting parties

Answer

Deliver humanitarian assistance to populations affected by conflicts

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a military strategy

Answer

Political or ideological motivations

Answer

Targeting civilians or non-combatants

Answer

Use of violence or threat of violence

Question 27

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle emphasizes that the international community should intervene when:

Accepted Answer

A state is unable to protect its citizens from atrocities

Answer

A state violates international humanitarian law

Answer

A state threatens its neighbors

Answer

A state requests external assistance

Question 28

In conflict resolution, the primary role of a mediator is to:

Accepted Answer

Facilitate communication and negotiations

Answer

Represent the interests of one party

Answer

Impose a settlement on the parties

Answer

Provide financial aid to the parties

Question 29

The Geneva Conventions are a set of international agreements that primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

International humanitarian law

Answer

International environmental law

Answer

International criminal law

Answer

International human rights law

Question 30

Which of the following is a distinctive attribute of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Intentional targeting of civilians with violence

Answer

Exclusively non-violent forms of resistance

Answer

Reliance on diplomatic negotiation

Answer

Deployment of military force by sovereign states

Question 31

Which strategy is employed to address the spread of nuclear weapons?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Answer

Developing and deploying additional nuclear weapons

Answer

Ignoring the issue entirely

Question 32

Identify a potential consequence of violent conflict:

Accepted Answer

Displacement of civilian populations

Answer

Enhancement of democratic institutions

Answer

Sustained economic growth

Answer

Accelerated technological advancement

Question 33

Which of the following is considered to be an element of soft power?

Accepted Answer

Cultural influence

Answer

Military capabilities

Answer

Economic leverage

Answer

Political alliances

Question 34

Which factor represents a challenge to fostering international cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Protection of national sovereignty

Answer

Rapid technological innovations

Answer

Shared values and beliefs

Answer

Growing economic interdependence

Question 35

Which of the following is a potential benefit that can result from successful conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

Increased mutual understanding and reconciliation

Answer

Escalation of violence and instability

Answer

Prolonged political divisions

Answer

Economic decline and hardship

Question 36

Which lesson can be drawn from examining the historical patterns of conflict?

Accepted Answer

Diplomatic efforts should be prioritized over resorting to military action.

Answer

War is an inevitable and necessary means of resolving international disputes.

Answer

Achieving lasting peace is an unrealistic aspiration.

Question 37

According to the realist perspective, which factor does **not** contribute to the outbreak of interstate war?

Accepted Answer

Democratic institutions and shared values

Answer

Arms races

Answer

Competition for resources

Answer

The security dilemma

Question 38

Which theoretical approach to international relations emphasizes the importance of international institutions and cooperation in promoting peace and security?

Accepted Answer

Liberal internationalism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Realism

Answer

Constructivism

Question 39

The 'responsibility to protect' (R2P) doctrine primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The international community's obligation to intervene in cases of mass atrocities

Answer

Strengthening national sovereignty and non-interference in domestic affairs

Answer

Promoting economic development in developing countries

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a 'proxy war'?

Accepted Answer

The US support for the mujahideen in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan war

Answer

The Cold War

Answer

The First World War

Question 41

The 'nuclear taboo' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Strong moral and political aversion to the use of nuclear weapons

Answer

Technological barriers to the proliferation of nuclear weapons

Answer

International treaty prohibiting the development and testing of nuclear weapons

Question 42

Which of the following is a key characteristic of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

The use of violence against civilians for political purposes

Answer

State-sanctioned violence

Answer

The use of conventional military forces

Question 43

The concept of 'human security' emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Protecting individuals from threats to their safety, well-being, and dignity

Answer

Maintaining a strong military and national defense

Answer

Promoting economic growth and development

Question 44

Which of the following is a primary goal of 'peacebuilding'?

Accepted Answer

Preventing the recurrence of violence and fostering sustainable peace

Answer

Developing military capabilities to deter future aggression

Answer

Imposing sanctions on states that violate international law