Cellular Pathology Quizzes: Master Cell Changes in Disease

Question 1

Which characteristic is a defining feature of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation

Answer

Uncontrolled cell swelling and cytoplasmic rupture

Answer

Recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of cell death

Answer

Random degradation of cellular DNA

Question 2

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death

Answer

Release of inflammatory signals

Answer

Cell swelling and bursting

Answer

Always a disease process

Question 3

Which of the following is a key feature of reversible cell injury?

Accepted Answer

Cellular swelling

Answer

Loss of organelle function

Answer

DNA fragmentation

Answer

Cell lysis

Question 4

What is the primary chemical mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Bradykinin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Interleukin-1

Question 5

Which type of neoplasia is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth but lacks the ability to invade surrounding tissues?

Accepted Answer

Benign

Answer

Malignant

Answer

Premalignant

Answer

Metastatic

Question 6

What is the primary role of apoptosis in cellular pathology?

Accepted Answer

Elimination of damaged or unwanted cells

Answer

Stimulation of inflammation

Answer

Promotion of cell growth

Answer

Inhibition of cell death

Question 7

What is the primary function of neutrophils in cellular pathology?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Cytokine release

Answer

Antigen presentation

Question 8

What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number, while hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size.

Answer

Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell number, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell size.

Answer

Both hyperplasia and hypertrophy involve an increase in both cell number and size.

Answer

Neither hyperplasia nor hypertrophy involves any change in cell size or number.

Question 9

Inflammation is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Redness

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Pain

Question 10

Which of the following is a hallmark of neoplasia?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Inflammation

Question 11

The Warburg effect refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Increased glycolysis in cancer cells, even in the presence of oxygen

Answer

Increased oxygen consumption in cancer cells

Answer

Decreased glucose uptake in cancer cells

Answer

Impaired mitochondrial function in cancer cells

Question 12

Anaplasia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Undifferentiated cells

Answer

Well-differentiated cells

Answer

Increased proliferation

Answer

Decreased apoptosis

Question 13

Cancer staging refers to:

Accepted Answer

The process of determining the extent of a tumor

Answer

The type of cancer

Answer

The patient's prognosis

Answer

The effectiveness of treatment

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell injury leading to cell death?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Coagulative necrosis

Answer

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer

Caseous necrosis

Question 15

Inflammation is characterized by which of the following key signs?

Accepted Answer

Redness, swelling, heat, and pain

Answer

Fever, chills, and fatigue

Answer

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Answer

Cough, sore throat, and runny nose

Question 16

Inflammation characterized by the accumulation of pus is known as:

Accepted Answer

Suppurative inflammation

Answer

Serous inflammation

Answer

Fibrinous inflammation

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 17

A benign tumor is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Slow growth and lack of invasion

Answer

Rapid growth and metastasis

Answer

Disorganization and lack of differentiation

Answer

Destruction of surrounding tissues

Question 18

The stage of neoplasia involving invasion of surrounding tissues is known as:

Accepted Answer

Invasive carcinoma

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Carcinoma in situ

Answer

Metastasis

Question 19

The type of cell death characterized by an organized process of cell breakdown is:

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autophagy

Answer

Pyroptosis

Question 20

During inflammation, neutrophils primarily function in:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing pathogens

Answer

Humoral immune response

Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Tissue repair

Question 21

Uncontrolled proliferation is a characteristic attribute of:

Accepted Answer

Malignant neoplasia

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Apoptosis resistance

Answer

Adhesion to extracellular matrix

Question 22

Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperlipidemia

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Leukopenia

Question 23

In a granuloma, the presence of which type of cell is a distinguishing histological feature?

Accepted Answer

Epithelioid histiocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 24

Which mechanism of cell death involves a structured disassembly of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Oncosis

Answer

Pyroptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Question 25

In inflammation, what is the primary function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization of pathogens

Answer

Tissue repair

Answer

Phagocytosis of dead cells

Answer

Immune cell activation

Question 26

Which skin neoplasm is classified as benign?

Accepted Answer

Seborrheic keratosis

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 27

What is the primary mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Stimulation of antibody production

Answer

Suppression of cytokine production

Answer

Blocking leukocyte adhesion