Immunology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of the Immune System

Question 1

What is a primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Removing waste from the body

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 3

Describe the different types of immune tolerance and explain how each type works.

Accepted Answer

Central tolerance occurs in the thymus and eliminates self-reactive T cells, while peripheral tolerance occurs in the periphery and suppresses or renders self-reactive T cells anergic.

Answer

Immune tolerance is solely mediated by regulatory T cells.

Answer

Central tolerance is specific for B cells, while peripheral tolerance is specific for T cells.

Answer

Immune tolerance is not necessary for preventing autoimmune diseases.

Question 4

In neuroimmunology, how does the immune system communicate with the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Immune cells release cytokines that affect neuronal activity.

Answer

The nervous system directly controls immune cell activity.

Question 5

Which mechanism is unique to the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Natural killer cell activity

Question 6

What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Presenting antigens to T cells

Answer

Engulfing and destroying pathogens

Answer

Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Question 7

Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B-lymphocytes

Answer

T-lymphocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 8

What is the process by which the immune system learns to tolerate self-antigens, preventing autoimmune reactions?

Accepted Answer

Immune tolerance

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Question 9

Which of the following is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule that presents antigens to T-cells?

Accepted Answer

HLA-DR

Answer

CD3

Answer

IgA

Answer

TNF-alpha

Question 10

Which of the following cytokines is involved in promoting inflammation and activating immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Transforming growth factor-beta

Question 11

What is the name of the organ where T-lymphocytes mature and become immunocompetent?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Lymph nodes

Question 12

Which immunoglobulin is responsible for neutralizing bacterial toxins and preventing their harmful effects?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgE

Question 13

What is the name of the phagocytic cells that are found in the blood and are the most abundant type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Basophils

Question 14

What is a limitation of the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Limited repertoire

Answer

High specificity

Answer

Rapid response

Answer

Memory function

Question 15

Within the adaptive immune response, what is the primary function of memory cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing long-term immunological memory and a rapid response to previously encountered pathogens

Answer

Initiating the initial immune response to a new pathogen

Answer

Specifically targeting and generating memory against viral infections

Answer

Directly producing antibodies against foreign antigens

Question 16

What is the primary function of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Confer long-term immunity by rapidly producing antibodies or cytotoxic T-cells upon re-exposure to a specific antigen

Answer

Provide immediate protection against a previously encountered pathogen

Answer

Mediate the primary immune response to an antigen

Answer

Are only generated during the secondary immune response and are not involved in the primary response

Question 17

In transplantation immunology, what is the most effective strategy to prevent organ rejection?

Accepted Answer

Both tissue matching and immunosuppressive drugs

Answer

Tissue matching alone

Answer

Immunosuppressive drugs alone

Answer

Neither tissue matching nor immunosuppressive drugs

Question 18

Which cell type produces antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 19

What is the primary function of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

To mature T cells

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To phagocytose pathogens

Answer

To secrete cytokines

Question 20

Which of the following is not a type of cytokine?

Accepted Answer

Immunoglobulin G

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Complement factor C3

Question 21

Which of the following is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule?

Accepted Answer

HLA-DR

Answer

Immunoglobulin A

Answer

Interferon-γ

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-α

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Production of endocrine hormones

Answer

Defense against pathogens

Answer

Maintenance of tissue homeostasis

Answer

Regulation of cell growth and differentiation

Question 23

Innate immunity is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Rapid and non-specific response

Answer

Highly specific recognition of pathogens

Answer

Involvement of memory cells

Answer

Production of highly diverse antibodies

Question 24

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antigen presentation to T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 25

The immunoglobulin class that activates the complement cascade is:

Accepted Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgD

Answer

IgE

Question 26

Which type of T cell is directly involved in killing infected or cancerous cells?

Accepted Answer

T cytotoxic cell

Answer

T helper cell

Answer

T memory cell

Answer

T regulatory cell

Question 27

Immune tolerance prevents the immune system from attacking:

Accepted Answer

Self-antigens and healthy tissues

Answer

Pathogens

Answer

Allergens

Answer

Transplanted tissues

Question 28

Which of the following is a physical barrier to pathogen entry?

Accepted Answer

Intact skin and mucous membranes

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Interferon production

Answer

Inflammation

Question 29

Autoimmune diseases result from:

Accepted Answer

A breakdown in immune tolerance

Answer

An overly suppressed immune system

Answer

A genetic predisposition only

Answer

Exposure to environmental triggers only

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Answer

Arthus reaction

Question 31

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response

Answer

Recognition of specific pathogens

Answer

Antibody-mediated response

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 32

Which type of immune cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 33

The process by which the immune system differentiates between self and non-self antigens is known as:

Accepted Answer

Immune tolerance

Answer

Clonal deletion

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 34

The type of MHC molecule that presents antigens to CD8+ T cells is:

Accepted Answer

MHC I

Answer

MHC II

Answer

MHC III

Answer

MHC IV

Question 35

Which of the following cytokines is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Answer

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Question 36

The specialised region within the lymph node where antigens are presented to lymphocytes is the:

Accepted Answer

Paracortex

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Germinal centre

Question 37

The therapeutic use of antibodies to treat diseases is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Immunotherapy

Answer

Immunodiagnostics

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Immunocompromised

Question 38

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Environmental triggers

Answer

Age

Question 39

Which of the following is the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 40

Which type of immune response involves the activation of pre-existing lymphocytes specific for a particular antigen?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 41

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of foreign particles and microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Platelets

Question 42

Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant in the blood and plays a crucial role in antibody-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgE

Question 43

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an immediate onset and is mediated by IgE antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Question 44

Which of the following molecules is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule?

Accepted Answer

HLA-DR

Answer

CD4

Answer

CD8

Answer

TCR

Question 45

Which of the following disorders is an example of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cancer

Question 46

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to count and analyze specific cell populations in a sample?

Accepted Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Elisa

Answer

Western blot

Answer

PCR

Question 47

What is the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To defend the body against harmful agents and disease

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To transport oxygen and nutrients

Question 48

Which of the following accurately describes innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Rapid and non-specific response

Answer

Involves the production of antibodies

Answer

Provides long-lasting protection

Answer

Requires prior exposure to antigens

Question 49

Which type of adaptive immune response involves the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antibody-mediated response

Answer

Cell-mediated response

Answer

Complement response

Answer

Passive immunity

Question 50

Which cells present antigens to T cells, initiating an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 51

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a delayed response involving T cells?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 52

Explain how the lymphatic system contributes to the immune response.

Accepted Answer

Filters pathogens and waste from the blood, transporting lymphocytes and antibodies to infection sites.

Answer

Produces red blood cells.

Answer

Regulates blood pressure.

Question 53

How do allergies develop? Explain the roles of IgE antibodies, mast cells, and basophils in this process.

Accepted Answer

IgE antibodies bind to allergens, triggering mast cells to release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, causing allergy symptoms.

Answer

Mast cells and basophils produce IgE antibodies in response to allergens.

Answer

IgE antibodies bind to allergens and prevent them from interacting with mast cells and basophils.

Answer

Mast cells and basophils release IgE antibodies, which then bind to allergens and cause allergy symptoms.

Question 54

Identify the option that does NOT represent a primary function of the immune system:

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Answer

Elimination of abnormal cells

Answer

Protection against pathogens

Answer

Maintenance of tissue balance

Question 55

Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies and includes memory cells?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Natural immunity

Question 56

Which cell is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cell

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Erythrocyte

Answer

Neutrophil

Question 57

Which type of antibody is most effective in preventing the entry of pathogens through mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Answer

IgE

Answer

IgD

Answer

IgG

Question 58

What is the term for the self-tolerance mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues?

Accepted Answer

Immunological tolerance

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Autoimmunity

Answer

Immune surveillance

Question 59

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor

Answer

Interleukin-10

Question 60

What is the main function of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system?

Accepted Answer

Present antigens to T lymphocytes

Answer

Secrete antibodies

Answer

Regulate cytokine production

Answer

Lyse target cells

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an example of an immunosuppressive drug?

Accepted Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Azathioprine

Answer

Cyclosporine

Answer

Prednisolone

Question 62

What is the primary mechanism of action of vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Induce immunological memory without causing disease

Answer

Kill pathogens directly

Answer

Activate complement proteins

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food particles

Answer

Recognition of self and foreign entities

Answer

Defense against infectious agents

Answer

Maintenance of overall homeostasis

Question 64

Which type of lymphocyte is central to cell-mediated immunity, directly targeting and eliminating infected cells?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

B lymphocytes