Fetal Monitoring: Essential Knowledge for Midwives

Question 1

Which ultrasound measurement is primarily used to estimate fetal weight?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal circumference

Answer

Head circumference

Answer

Femur length

Answer

Amniotic fluid index

Question 2

What does a non-reactive cardiotocography (CTG) trace suggest?

Accepted Answer

A need for further fetal monitoring

Answer

Fetal distress

Answer

Normal fetal well-being

Answer

Immediate delivery is required

Question 3

What is the normal fetal heart rate range during the third trimester?

Accepted Answer

120-160 bpm

Answer

110-120 bpm

Answer

160-180 bpm

Answer

180-200 bpm

Question 4

What is the significance of accelerations in fetal heart rate monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Indicative of fetal well-being

Answer

Associated with fetal distress

Answer

Unrelated to fetal condition

Answer

Only present in preterm fetuses

Question 5

What is the main purpose of performing a biophysical profile?

Accepted Answer

To assess overall fetal health and well-being

Answer

To detect specific fetal abnormalities

Answer

To monitor fetal growth

Answer

To determine the gestational age of the fetus

Question 6

Which type of ultrasound scan provides real-time images of the fetus in motion?

Accepted Answer

Two-dimensional ultrasound

Answer

Three-dimensional ultrasound

Answer

Doppler ultrasound

Answer

Transvaginal ultrasound

Question 7

What is the potential significance of oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid volume)?

Accepted Answer

It may be associated with fetal growth restriction

Answer

It indicates a reduced risk of premature rupture of membranes

Answer

It is always a sign of fetal distress

Answer

It has no clinical implications

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of using the fetal scalp electrode?

Accepted Answer

To monitor fetal oxygen levels

Answer

To measure fetal heart rate

Answer

To determine fetal maturity

Answer

To assess fetal movement

Question 9

Which ultrasound scan is specifically used to detect fetal anomalies and is performed between 18 and 23 weeks of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Anomaly scan

Answer

Routine scan

Answer

Biophysical profile

Answer

Doppler scan

Question 10

On a cardiotocography tracing, which fetal heart rate pattern is a strong indicator of fetal distress?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia with late decelerations

Answer

Accelerations

Answer

Tachycardia with variable decelerations

Question 11

What is the primary purpose of cardiotocography (CTG)?

Accepted Answer

To assess fetal heart rate patterns and uterine contractions.

Answer

To monitor maternal blood pressure

Answer

To determine fetal position

Question 12

What is the primary role of ultrasound in monitoring fetal well-being?

Accepted Answer

To assess fetal biometry, anatomy, and placental function.

Answer

To detect maternal complications

Answer

To monitor uterine contractions

Question 13

Which of the following is a risk factor for oligohydramnios?

Accepted Answer

Premature rupture of membranes

Answer

Maternal diabetes

Answer

Polyhydramnios

Answer

Breech presentation

Question 14

What does a positive non-stress test indicate?

Accepted Answer

Reassuring fetal well-being

Answer

Fetal distress

Answer

Placental insufficiency

Answer

Oligohydramnios

Question 15

Which of the following is an ethical consideration in fetal monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Respecting the mother's autonomy and informed consent

Answer

Using the most advanced technology available

Answer

Fetal distress always supersedes maternal preferences

Question 16

Under which circumstance would an urgent cesarean section be indicated due to fetal distress?

Accepted Answer

Persistent late decelerations accompanied by an abnormal biophysical profile

Answer

Variable decelerations accompanied by reassuring accelerations

Answer

Isolated early decelerations

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of using a doppler ultrasound for fetal monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Assessment of the fetal heart rate and blood flow in the umbilical artery

Answer

Measurement of fetal growth

Answer

Determination of fetal presentation

Answer

Detection of fetal malformations

Question 18

Which of the following ultrasound findings may indicate fetal distress?

Accepted Answer

Oligohydramnios

Answer

Cephalic presentation

Answer

Placenta previa

Answer

Polyhydramnios

Question 19

The primary aim of external cephalic version (ECV) is to:

Accepted Answer

Correct a breech presentation to a vertex presentation

Answer

Identify placental abnormalities

Answer

Determine fetal growth

Question 20

What is the main purpose of a non-stress test (NST)?

Accepted Answer

Assessment of a reactive fetal heart rate pattern

Answer

Amniotic fluid volume assessment

Answer

Fetal heart rate variability assessment

Question 21

The Apgar score is used to assess fetal well-being at:

Accepted Answer

1 and 5 minutes after birth

Answer

Only immediately after birth

Answer

Immediately after birth and at discharge

Answer

15 and 30 minutes after birth