Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristic of conflict?

Accepted Answer

Consensus

Answer

Power disparity

Answer

Divergent interests

Answer

Scarce resources

Question 2

What is the key difference between positive and negative peace?

Accepted Answer

Positive peace is a state of stability, justice, and equality, while negative peace is a state of instability and injustice.

Answer

Positive peace is the presence of violence, while negative peace is the absence of violence.

Answer

Positive peace is achieved through negotiation and diplomacy, while negative peace is achieved through military force.

Answer

Positive peace is a long-term goal, while negative peace is a short-term goal.

Question 3

Which concept in peace and conflict studies prioritizes addressing root causes of conflict to promote lasting stability?

Accepted Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Causal analysis

Answer

Development economics

Question 4

Which of the following is not a core concept in Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Realism

Answer

Structural violence

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Positive peace

Question 5

Within the field of peace and conflict studies, which concept centers on the interplay of economic and political factors in shaping conflict and peace?

Accepted Answer

Political economy

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Human rights

Question 6

Which concept is primarily concerned with waging or engaging in conflicts?

Accepted Answer

War

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Human security

Question 7

Which principle is NOT considered fundamental to peace, according to experts in Peace and Conflict Studies Studies?

Accepted Answer

Significant military presence and defense spending

Answer

Absence of physical violence

Answer

Fair distribution of resources

Answer

Respect for human rights and the rule of law

Question 8

Identify the main difference between positive peace and negative peace, as described in the passage.

Accepted Answer

Positive peace focuses on creating conditions for human well-being, while negative peace only means the absence of violence.

Answer

Positive peace is achieved through military force, while negative peace is achieved through diplomacy.

Answer

Positive peace is a temporary state, while negative peace is permanent.

Answer

Positive peace is the same as the absence of conflict, while negative peace involves some level of conflict.

Question 9

Which concept is not directly related to Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

International Development

Answer

Conflict Resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Human Security

Question 10

Which of the following is not typically considered a major type of conflict?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal

Answer

Ethnic

Answer

Ideological

Answer

Territorial

Question 11

Which concept is not central to the study of peace and conflict?

Accepted Answer

National sovereignty

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

International cooperation

Answer

Peacebuilding

Question 12

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of 'Conflict Transformation'?

Accepted Answer

Acknowledges power disparities and advocates for structural change

Answer

Prioritizes swift resolutions through negotiations

Answer

Minimizes the importance of dialogue and relationship-building

Answer

Employs violent resistance as a means of countering oppression

Question 13

Which of the following is a concept NOT central to the field of peace and conflict studies?

Accepted Answer

Realpolitik

Answer

Transformative mediation

Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Conflict resolution through legal frameworks

Question 14

In peace and conflict studies, 'negative peace' primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Preventing violence and maintaining stability

Answer

Eradicating the underlying causes of conflict

Answer

Fostering reconciliation and healing post-conflict

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary cause of conflict, as per the theories covered in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Economic interdependence

Answer

Structural inequality

Answer

Scarcity of natural resources

Answer

Historical grievances

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a core concept in Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Geopolitics

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Question 17

Which of the following is an uncommonly cited cause of conflict in peace and conflict studies?

Accepted Answer

Environmental degradation

Answer

Scarcity of resources

Answer

Ideological differences

Answer

Historical grievances

Question 18

In the context of violent conflict, which of the following is generally NOT considered a primary contributing factor?

Accepted Answer

Respect for cultural and ethnic diversity

Answer

Economic disparities and inequality

Answer

Environmental degradation and resource scarcity

Answer

Political grievances and lack of representation

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of negative peace?

Accepted Answer

Absence of war or direct violence

Answer

Presence of justice and human rights

Answer

Existence of a strong military

Answer

Absence of structural violence or oppression

Question 20

Within the field of Peace and Conflict Studies, conflict is primarily understood as:

Accepted Answer

A situation where different parties have conflicting goals or interests, resulting in tension or disagreement

Answer

A peaceful state marked by mutual understanding

Answer

A violent clash between opposing sides

Answer

A condition where one party holds power over another

Question 21

Which of the following concepts is not central to the study of peace and conflict?

Accepted Answer

National security

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Question 22

In peace studies, which element is NOT considered a defining characteristic of peace?

Accepted Answer

Complete elimination of all forms of disagreement

Answer

Absence of violent conflict

Answer

Prevalence of social justice and equitable opportunities

Question 23

Which of the following is typically NOT considered a major cause of conflict globally?

Accepted Answer

Acts of nature (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes)

Answer

Economic inequality

Answer

Climate change

Answer

Political oppression

Question 24

Which of the following is a key factor that contributes to the success of peacebuilding efforts?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that all parties have a voice and participate in decision-making

Accepted Answer

Promoting dialogue and understanding between conflicting parties

Answer

Ignoring past grievances and focusing solely on future reconciliation

Answer

Relying solely on military force to impose peace

Question 25

Which element is not considered a fundamental aspect of the concept of peace?

Accepted Answer

Sustainable development

Answer

Absence of organized violence

Answer

Respect for human rights

Answer

Presence of justice

Question 26

In international law, which of these is deemed a legitimate use of force?

Accepted Answer

Protecting civilians from genocide

Answer

Promoting regime change in another country

Answer

Enforcing economic sanctions against a non-compliant state

Answer

Preemptively striking a country suspected of developing nuclear weapons

Question 27

Which conflict resolution approach aims to find a compromise that meets the needs of all parties?

Accepted Answer

Collaborative problem-solving

Answer

Principled negotiation

Answer

Mediation

Answer

Arbitration

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of positive peace?

Accepted Answer

Existence of a powerful military

Answer

Absence of violence

Answer

Presence of justice and equality

Question 29

According to Johan Galtung's definition, which element is NOT considered essential for peace?

Accepted Answer

Economic equality

Answer

Absence of war

Answer

Freedom from fear

Answer

Absence of violence

Question 30

How does climate change influence conflict dynamics and peacebuilding efforts?

Accepted Answer

Climate change intensifies resource conflicts over land, water, and food, potentially leading to violence, but it can also foster cooperation for survival.

Answer

Climate change generally promotes peaceful outcomes as communities collaborate to address environmental challenges.

Answer

Climate change has no significant impact on conflict or peacebuilding.

Question 31

How does the media typically portray conflict and peacebuilding efforts to the public?

Accepted Answer

Sensationalized, emphasizing dramatic events

Answer

Objectively, providing balanced information

Answer

Downplayed, as they are not considered newsworthy

Question 32

In post-conflict peacebuilding, what is the most effective approach to address the interconnected challenges of reconciliation, reconstruction, and preventing conflict recurrence?

Accepted Answer

Adopt a comprehensive approach that simultaneously addresses reconciliation, reconstruction, and conflict prevention.

Answer

Focus solely on reconciliation and forgiveness, neglecting economic and political reforms.

Answer

Prioritize reconstruction and economic development, overlooking underlying grievances and conflict causes.

Answer

Ignore the role of international organizations and external actors in supporting post-conflict peacebuilding.

Question 33

The theory of structural violence argues that:

Accepted Answer

Violence can be indirect and systemic, embedded in social structures.

Answer

Violence is solely physical.

Answer

Conflict is always inevitable in human society.

Answer

Peace is the only natural state of human beings.

Question 34

The conflict triangle model suggests that conflicts are primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

A and C only

Answer

Attitudes, behaviour, and communication

Answer

Structural, cultural, and psychological factors

Answer

Economic, political, and social inequalities

Question 35

Which type of conflict involves physical violence between armed groups?

Accepted Answer

Armed conflict

Answer

Political conflict

Answer

Economic conflict

Answer

Interpersonal conflict

Question 36

Which concept of peace encompasses the absence of violence and the presence of justice and equity?

Accepted Answer

Positive peace

Answer

Negative peace

Answer

Structural peace

Answer

Liberal peace

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT generally considered a factor contributing to conflict?

Accepted Answer

Effective communication

Answer

Poverty

Answer

Injustice

Answer

Environmental degradation

Question 38

What is the primary objective of conflict resolution efforts?

Accepted Answer

To find a mutually acceptable solution

Answer

To end the conflict completely

Answer

To reduce the level of violence

Answer

To prevent future conflicts

Question 39

How does the multidisciplinary nature of peace and conflict studies contribute to our understanding of conflict dynamics?

Accepted Answer

It provides diverse perspectives and methodologies.

Answer

It simplifies conflict analysis by focusing on a single discipline.

Answer

It limits the analysis of conflict to a narrow range of disciplines.

Answer

It prevents the development of a comprehensive theory of conflict.

Question 40

Which concept is not considered a core principle in Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Economic Development

Answer

Conflict Transformation

Answer

Human Security

Answer

Power Dynamics

Question 41

Which concept is NOT directly related to the field of Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear physics

Answer

Conflict resolution

Answer

Peacebuilding

Answer

Environmental sustainability

Question 42

According to Johan Galtung's conflict theory, what is the fundamental cause of violence?

Accepted Answer

Structural violence

Answer

Economic disparity

Answer

Cultural differences

Answer

Lack of education

Question 43

What is the primary objective of peacebuilding?

Accepted Answer

Preventing future conflicts

Answer

Punishing perpetrators of violence

Answer

Providing humanitarian assistance

Answer

Promoting economic development

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a challenge encountered in post-conflict reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing military expenditure

Answer

Disarmament and demobilization of combatants

Answer

Infrastructure rebuilding

Answer

Addressing past human rights violations

Question 45

Explain the fundamental difference between 'liberal' and 'realist' approaches in Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Liberals prioritize international institutions, while realists emphasize the role of power

Answer

Realists focus on individuals, while liberals emphasize the role of states

Answer

Liberals believe conflict is unavoidable, while realists believe it can be prevented

Answer

Realists advocate for the use of force, while liberals always oppose it

Question 46

Which characteristic is distinctive of protracted conflicts?

Accepted Answer

The involvement of multiple actors and a prolonged duration

Answer

A short duration and easily resolvable nature

Answer

A limited number of actors involved

Answer

A predominantly non-violent nature

Question 47

Identify the primary challenges encountered in the process of peacebuilding.

Accepted Answer

A combination of the above challenges

Answer

A lack of political commitment to the peace process

Answer

Inadequate financial resources to support peacebuilding efforts

Answer

Intentional efforts by spoiler groups to disrupt the peace process

Question 48

What is the ultimate objective of Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

To promote peaceful societies and prevent conflicts from occurring

Answer

To eliminate all forms of conflict worldwide

Answer

To resolve every conflict through peaceful means

Answer

To solely study the causes and effects of conflicts

Question 49

Which concept is central to constructivist theory?

Accepted Answer

Identity

Answer

Interests

Answer

Power

Answer

Norms

Question 50

Which UN Security Council resolution is significant in the field of peace operations?

Accepted Answer

Resolution 1325

Answer

Resolution 1674

Answer

Resolution 2151

Answer

Resolution 2451

Question 51

How does climate change influence peace and conflict dynamics? Consider how it can both worsen and mitigate conflicts.

Accepted Answer

Climate change can both exacerbate and mitigate conflicts.

Answer

Climate change can only worsen conflicts.

Answer

Climate change has no impact on peace and conflict dynamics.

Answer

Climate change always has a positive impact on peace and conflict.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in Peace and Conflict Studies?

Accepted Answer

Realism

Answer

Conflict transformation

Answer

Power dynamics

Answer

Structural violence

Question 53

Which theory of conflict resolution emphasizes the importance of building relationships and trust between conflicting parties?

Accepted Answer

Transformative theory

Answer

Realist theory

Answer

Marxist theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a method used in Peace and Conflict Studies research?

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Content analysis

Question 55

How does globalization impact the interplay between peace and conflict?

Accepted Answer

Globalization influences peace and conflict dynamics in both positive and negative ways, depending on the context.

Answer

Globalization primarily fosters interdependence and cooperation, reducing conflicts.

Answer

Globalization primarily intensifies inequalities and tensions, escalating conflicts.

Question 56

To enhance conflict resolution effectiveness, how can traditional and modern approaches be optimally combined?

Accepted Answer

Integrate traditional and modern approaches, capitalizing on their strengths and addressing their limitations.

Answer

Rely solely on traditional methods due to their cultural grounding.

Answer

Prioritize modern approaches due to their alignment with current realities and scientific advancements.

Answer

Avoid combining traditional and modern approaches due to their fundamental incompatibility.

Question 57

In assessing the effectiveness of peacebuilding initiatives, which factor is crucial in determining their success, considering the diversity of conflict contexts and their underlying causes?

Accepted Answer

Tailoring to the specific conflict context

Answer

Extent of international support

Answer

Availability of financial resources

Answer

Number of stakeholders involved

Question 58

How do gender perspectives deepen our understanding of conflict dynamics and foster more inclusive peacebuilding efforts?

Accepted Answer

By recognizing the diverse contributions of various gender identities to peace processes

Answer

By exclusively examining the experiences of women and girls

Answer

By disregarding the significance of gender in conflict dynamics

Answer

By solely considering the experiences of marginalized gender identities

Question 59

How does the 'securitization' of conflicts influence peacebuilding initiatives?

Accepted Answer

The impact of securitization on peacebuilding depends on the specific context and conflict.

Answer

Securitization always hinders peacebuilding efforts.

Answer

Securitization always enhances peacebuilding efforts.

Answer

Securitization is unrelated to peacebuilding efforts.

Question 60

Protracted conflicts pose unique challenges for peacebuilding. What are these challenges and how can peacebuilders effectively navigate them?

Accepted Answer

Local ownership, stakeholder involvement, and context-specific approaches are crucial for successful peacebuilding in protracted conflicts.

Answer

Protracted conflicts do not pose distinct challenges for peacebuilding.

Answer

Peacebuilders should focus on short-term solutions to end violence in protracted conflicts.

Answer

Peacebuilders should avoid engaging with parties who have committed human rights violations.

Question 61

Which type of conflict is characterized by the use of violence to achieve political goals?

Accepted Answer

Political Conflict

Answer

Economic Conflict

Answer

Social Conflict

Answer

Environmental Conflict

Question 62

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the outbreak of conflict?

Accepted Answer

Scarcity of resources

Answer

Economic equality

Answer

Cultural diversity

Answer

Good governance

Question 63

Which conflict resolution strategy involves the application of force to end a conflict?

Accepted Answer

Coercion

Answer

Mediation

Answer

Negotiation

Answer

Conciliation

Question 64

What is the primary objective of the United Nations Security Council?

Accepted Answer

To maintain international peace and security

Answer

To provide humanitarian aid

Answer

To promote economic development

Answer

To protect human rights