What is Psychology? - Introduction to Psychology

Question 1

Psychology primarily focuses on the study of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The mind and behavior

Answer

Only mental illnesses

Answer

Designing educational programs

Answer

Accurately foretelling human behavior

Question 2

Which of the following subfields of psychology focuses on the study of development from childhood to adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Educational psychology

Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Industrial-organizational psychology

Question 3

Which ethical principle obliges psychologists to protect participants from potential harm?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Respect for autonomy

Question 4

Who is widely regarded as the founder of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 5

What is the term for the process by which individuals acquire new knowledge and skills?

Accepted Answer

Learning

Answer

Memory

Answer

Attention

Answer

Perception

Question 6

According to the humanistic perspective, the primary focus of psychology should be on:

Accepted Answer

Promoting personal growth and well-being

Answer

Understanding and predicting behavior

Answer

Treating mental disorders

Answer

Exploring the unconscious mind

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a diagnosed mental health condition?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Answer

Motivation

Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Creativity

Question 8

Which cognitive process plays a crucial role in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Reasoning

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Perception

Answer

Learning

Question 9

What is considered the earliest form of psychological research method?

Accepted Answer

Introspection (self-observation)

Answer

Animal experimentation

Answer

Case studies

Answer

Neuroimaging techniques

Question 10

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 11

What is the overarching goal of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To modify maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns

Answer

To provide support and comfort

Answer

To establish a diagnosis

Answer

To conduct scientific research

Question 12

Which ethical principle requires researchers to prioritize the well-being of participants?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 13

What is the key distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative methods emphasize generalizability, while qualitative methods focus on individual experiences.

Answer

Qualitative methods prioritize numerical data, while quantitative methods use subjective data.

Answer

Qualitative methods rely on observation, while quantitative methods use surveys.

Answer

Quantitative methods prioritize statistical analysis, while qualitative methods rely on interpretation.

Question 14

According to the biopsychosocial model, what factors contribute to the development of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

An interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer

Biological factors only

Answer

Psychological factors only

Answer

Social factors only

Question 15

Which of the following is **NOT** a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Biological

Answer

Behavioral

Question 16

Which subfield of psychology focuses on the development of children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Educational psychology

Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Question 17

Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural context?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 18

What is the term for the tendency to attribute behavior to internal factors rather than external factors?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Halo effect

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 19

Which term refers to the process of acquiring knowledge and skills through experience?

Accepted Answer

Learning

Answer

Cognition

Answer

Perception

Answer

Memory

Question 20

Which ethical principle is paramount in psychological research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 21

According to the American Psychological Association, which of the following is the most precise definition of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer

The study of the mind and consciousness

Answer

The application of psychological principles to promote mental health

Answer

The philosophical exploration of human nature

Question 22

Who is recognized as the founder of the first psychology laboratory, marking the formal establishment of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Jung

Question 23

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts on behavior and mental states?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 24

Which research method involves collecting data by directly observing and recording behavior in its natural context, without manipulating or controlling variables?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 25

Which psychological disorder is characterized by intense and persistent fear or anxiety in response to specific objects, activities, or situations?

Accepted Answer

Phobia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 26

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure, reward, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 27

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of exploring the client's subjective experiences, fostering self-awareness, and promoting personal growth?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer

Behavior therapy

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a core perspective in modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Spiritual

Answer

Biological

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Psychoanalytic

Question 29

The scientific method typically involves the following sequence of steps:

Accepted Answer

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

Answer

Hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, analysis

Answer

Observation, experiment, hypothesis, analysis, conclusion

Answer

Experiment, hypothesis, observation, conclusion, analysis

Question 30

Which research approach involves collecting data from a large sample using questionnaires or surveys?

Accepted Answer

Survey

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Case study

Question 31

Confidentiality is an ethical principle in psychological research that requires:

Accepted Answer

Researchers to safeguard participant privacy

Answer

Participants to provide informed consent

Answer

Research findings to be objective and unbiased

Answer

Studies to be replicated by other researchers

Question 32

Cognitive psychology primarily focuses on understanding:

Accepted Answer

Mental processes like perception, attention, and memory

Answer

Unconscious mental processes

Answer

The brain's role in behavior

Answer

The development of personality

Question 33

Which subfield of psychology studies abnormal behavior and mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Forensic psychology

Question 34

The primary goal of psychology is to:

Accepted Answer

Understand, predict, and influence human behavior

Answer

Cure all mental illnesses

Answer

Control people's thoughts and actions

Answer

Make people happier

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a way in which cultural factors can impact psychological processes?

Accepted Answer

Genetics determining personality traits

Answer

Language influencing cognitive development

Answer

Social norms affecting emotional expression

Answer

Religious beliefs influencing coping mechanisms

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT considered a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 37

The scientific method involves which of the following steps?

Accepted Answer

Forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and drawing conclusions

Answer

Observing a phenomenon, generating a theory, and conducting an experiment

Question 38

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 39

Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on the study and treatment of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Question 40

Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural setting?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 41

The biopsychosocial model of health suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Health and illness are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer

Illness is solely caused by biological factors

Question 42

The term 'cognition' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Mental processes such as thinking, memory, and attention

Answer

Behavior that is observable and measurable

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a method commonly used in psychological assessments?

Accepted Answer

Palm reading

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Observational techniques

Answer

Neuroimaging

Question 44

Provide the most accurate definition of psychology:

Accepted Answer

The systematic study of behavior and mental processes through scientific methods.

Answer

The art of comprehending and assisting individuals' well-being.

Answer

The investigation of the human intellect and spirit.

Question 45

Which individual is widely recognized as the 'Father of Modern Psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 46

Which psychological perspective underscores the significance of subconscious processes?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer

Behaviorist Perspective

Answer

Cognitive Perspective

Answer

Humanistic Perspective

Question 47

Identify the key steps involved in the scientific method used in psychology:

Accepted Answer

Observation, Hypothesis formulation, Experimentation, Analysis, and Conclusion.

Answer

Introspection, Interpretation, Application.

Answer

Theory development, Data gathering, Interpretation.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a subfield of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrophysics

Answer

Developmental Psychology

Answer

Clinical Psychology

Answer

Social Psychology

Question 49

What is the overarching objective of psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To describe, explain, predict, and potentially influence behavior and mental processes.

Answer

To exclusively diagnose and treat mental illnesses.

Answer

To solely offer therapeutic interventions and counseling support.

Question 50

Explain the fundamental distinction between a psychological theory and hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

A theory is a comprehensive explanation for a phenomenon, whereas a hypothesis is a testable prediction stemming from a theory.

Answer

A theory is a hypothesis that is disproven through experimentation.

Answer

A theory is a hypothesis that is proven to be accurate.