International Human Rights Law: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a principle of law, but NOT a key principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Exhaustion of domestic remedies

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Non-discrimination

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of human rights?

Accepted Answer

Relativity

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Enforceability

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a recognized source of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Declarations adopted by the UN General Assembly

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

International treaties

Answer

Decisions of the International Court of Justice

Question 4

Which fundamental principle of international human rights law asserts that all individuals possess inherent and inviolable rights and freedoms?

Accepted Answer

Universality and inalienability

Answer

Indivisibility and interdependence

Answer

Non-discrimination and accountability

Answer

State sovereignty and domestic jurisdiction

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary source of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

National constitutions

Answer

Treaties

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

General principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Question 6

Which of the following is a common criticism of the International Bill of Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

It lacks a robust enforcement mechanism.

Answer

It only recognizes civil and political rights, neglecting economic and social rights.

Answer

It has been rendered obsolete by subsequent human rights instruments.

Answer

It applies only to select groups of people, excluding certain marginalized or vulnerable populations.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a legally binding source of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

General Assembly resolutions

Answer

Treaties and conventions

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

Decisions of the International Court of Justice

Question 8

Which fundamental principle forms the foundation of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Non-discrimination is essential

Answer

State sovereignty is paramount

Answer

Military intervention is justified

Answer

Domestic laws override human rights treaties

Question 9

Which statement contradicts the principles of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

States are not bound by international human rights obligations.

Answer

Human rights are universal and apply to all individuals.

Answer

All human rights are equally important and interconnected.

Answer

Non-discrimination prohibits distinctions based on race, gender, or religion.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Selectivity

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Question 11

Which fundamental principle underpins international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Non-discrimination

Answer

Self-determination

Answer

Due process

Answer

Proportionality

Question 12

Which principle of international human rights law emphasizes that all human rights are equally important?

Accepted Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Interdependence

Answer

Universality

Answer

Non-discrimination

Question 13

Which concept contradicts the core principles of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism

Answer

Universal applicability

Answer

Interdependence and indivisibility

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** a fundamental principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Relativity

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Question 15

What is the core principle enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

All humans possess inherent dignity and equal rights.

Answer

Individuals have the right to own and control property.

Answer

All humans have the right to self-determination.

Question 16

Which principle is not considered a fundamental pillar of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Cultural Relativism

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Non-discrimination

Question 17

Which of the following is a legally binding source of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Customary international law

Answer

General principles of law

Answer

Soft law

Question 18

Which UN body monitors the implementation of core human rights treaties and advises states on human rights issues?

Accepted Answer

Human Rights Council

Answer

Security Council

Answer

General Assembly

Answer

International Court of Justice

Question 19

Which fundamental principle underpins international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Interconnectedness and interdependence

Answer

Selectivity

Question 20

Which of the following treaties is **NOT** a core human rights treaty?

Accepted Answer

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

Answer

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

Answer

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary source of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Domestic legislation of individual states

Answer

International treaties

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

General principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Question 22

Which right under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) protects individuals from being unlawfully killed?

Accepted Answer

Right to life

Answer

Right to a fair trial

Answer

Right to self-determination

Answer

Right to freedom of expression

Question 23

Which of the following is a core principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Human rights are inherent to all people.

Answer

Human rights are granted by governments.

Answer

Human rights can be revoked for breaking the law.

Answer

Human rights only apply to citizens of certain countries.

Question 24

What key feature distinguishes the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) from other human rights documents?

Accepted Answer

Inclusion of both individual and collective rights

Answer

Focus on indigenous populations' rights

Answer

Creation of a regional court for enforcement

Question 25

Which regional human rights court has the authority to interpret and enforce the American Convention on Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Answer

European Court of Human Rights

Answer

African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

Answer

International Criminal Court

Question 26

Which of the following is a key principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

All people have basic rights and freedoms that cannot be taken away.

Accepted Answer

Governments must respect, protect, and ensure human rights.

Answer

Human rights only apply to people who live in certain countries.

Answer

Countries that sign human rights treaties are not legally bound by them.

Question 27

What is a defining characteristic of customary international law in the context of human rights?

Accepted Answer

It is established through the consistent practices of states over time.

Answer

It is found in written multilateral treaties and conventions.

Answer

It is only binding on states that have expressly agreed to it.

Answer

It can be easily changed or repealed by states.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Economic prosperity

Answer

Universality

Answer

Interdependence

Answer

Non-discrimination

Question 29

In the hierarchy of international human rights law, which of the following best describes the status of customary international law in relation to treaty law?

Accepted Answer

C. Inferior to treaty law but superior to general principles of law

Answer

A. Superior to treaty law

Answer

B. Equal to treaty law

Answer

D. Inferior to both treaty law and general principles of law

Question 30

Which fundamental principle underpins international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Human rights are universal and indivisible.

Answer

Human rights are bestowed by the government.

Answer

Governments can restrict human rights under specific conditions.

Question 31

Which category of human rights is the most inclusive, encompassing individual and collective rights, as well as civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights?

Accepted Answer

Universal Human Rights

Answer

Civil and Political Rights

Answer

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Answer

Collective Rights

Question 32

How does the 1954 Convention on Stateless Persons aim to address statelessness?

Accepted Answer

By preventing countries from creating or continuing statelessness

Answer

By requiring countries to grant citizenship to all individuals born within their borders

Answer

By establishing an international organization to monitor and report on statelessness

Answer

By allowing stateless individuals to travel freely between countries

Question 33

How does the relationship between international human rights standards and national legal systems vary across countries?

Accepted Answer

The relationship between international human rights standards and national legal systems can vary significantly from country to country.

Answer

International human rights standards are always directly applicable in national legal systems.

Answer

National legal systems are always superior to international human rights standards.

Question 34

In conflict zones, what are the key challenges to implementing and enforcing human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient political will and cooperation among warring parties

Accepted Answer

Lack of strong international monitoring and oversight

Accepted Answer

Absence of domestic legal systems and institutions in conflict-affected areas

Answer

Human rights law does not apply during armed conflict

Question 35

How do regional human rights systems, like the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR), contribute to protecting human rights in their regions?

Accepted Answer

They give people the power to take legal action against their governments for violating their human rights.

Answer

They have no real power to enforce their decisions and rely only on persuasion.

Answer

They mainly focus on protecting the rights of political prisoners and activists.

Question 36

Examine the relationship between human rights and development, considering the challenges and opportunities they present for each other.

Accepted Answer

Tensions between human rights and development can lead to progress in both areas.

Answer

Human rights and development are unrelated concepts.

Answer

Economic development is essential for human rights, but human rights are not necessary for development.

Answer

International organizations play no role in promoting human rights and development.

Question 37

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is categorized as:

Accepted Answer

A non-binding declaration

Answer

A legally binding treaty

Answer

A regional agreement

Answer

A national constitution

Question 38

Which international body has the primary responsibility for monitoring and enforcing the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Accepted Answer

Human Rights Committee

Answer

United Nations Human Rights Council

Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

World Health Organization

Question 39

Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)?

Accepted Answer

It establishes a binding court system

Answer

It focuses primarily on economic and social rights

Answer

It is only enforceable within the European region

Answer

It does not allow for individual petitions

Question 40

The concept of 'jus cogens' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Laws that are universally accepted and binding

Answer

Laws that are only binding on specific states

Answer

Laws that are subject to interpretation by national courts

Answer

Laws that are created through custom and practice

Question 41

The principle of subsidiarity in international human rights law implies that:

Accepted Answer

States have the primary obligation to protect human rights

Answer

International organizations have exclusive authority to enforce human rights

Answer

Individuals have no role in promoting human rights

Answer

Economic development takes precedence over human rights protection

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT considered a 'core' international human rights treaty?

Accepted Answer

Geneva Convention on the Law of the Sea

Answer

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Answer

International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

Question 43

Which intergovernmental organization is primarily responsible for monitoring and reporting on human rights globally?

Accepted Answer

United Nations Human Rights Council

Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

International Criminal Court

Answer

World Health Organization

Question 44

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is based on the philosophical concept of:

Accepted Answer

Natural rights

Answer

Social contract

Answer

Religious freedom

Answer

State sovereignty

Question 45

The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) focuses on promoting and protecting rights related to:

Accepted Answer

Economic well-being, social justice, and cultural expression

Answer

Political participation and civil liberties

Answer

Prevention of genocide and crimes against humanity

Answer

Establishment of a permanent international criminal court

Question 46

A key characteristic of international human rights law is that it is:

Accepted Answer

Legally binding on states that have ratified it

Answer

Enforced by a global governing body

Answer

Based solely on customary international law

Answer

Subject to modification by the UN Security Council

Question 47

The principle of non-refoulement in international human rights law prohibits:

Accepted Answer

The return of refugees to countries where they face persecution

Answer

The detention of asylum seekers

Answer

States from providing sanctuary to those seeking refuge

Answer

Its application only to political refugees

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a principle enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

The right to own slaves

Answer

The right to life, liberty and security of person

Answer

The right to a fair trial

Answer

The right to freedom of expression

Question 49

Which international organization is responsible for monitoring compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Human Rights Council

Answer

The International Court of Justice

Answer

The World Health Organization

Answer

The International Criminal Court

Question 50

What is the main purpose of the European Convention on Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

To establish a regional human rights system

Answer

To amend the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer

To create a new international court

Answer

To abolish the death penalty in all member states

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a limitation on the right to freedom of expression?

Accepted Answer

Constructive criticism of government policy

Answer

Incitement to violence

Answer

Hate speech

Answer

Libel

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a core human rights treaty?

Accepted Answer

Brussels Treaty

Answer

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Answer

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

Question 53

Who is responsible for monitoring compliance with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights?

Accepted Answer

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Answer

Human Rights Committee

Answer

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Answer

International Court of Justice

Question 54

Which international organization has the primary mandate to promote and protect human rights globally?

Accepted Answer

United Nations

Answer

European Union

Answer

Council of Europe

Answer

Organization of American States

Question 55

What is the difference between a human right and a human need?

Accepted Answer

Human rights are legal entitlements, while human needs are not.

Answer

Human needs are essential for survival, while human rights are not.

Answer

Human rights are universal, while human needs vary.

Answer

There is no difference between a human right and a human need.

Question 56

Which of the following is a characteristic of a non-derogable right?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be restricted in any circumstances.

Answer

It can only be restricted during a state of emergency.

Answer

It can be restricted for reasons of national security.

Answer

It can be restricted for economic reasons.

Question 57

How does the principle of subsidiarity relate to international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

It requires states to take primary responsibility for human rights protection.

Answer

It allows international organizations to intervene in cases of grave human rights violations.

Answer

It prohibits states from ratifying international human rights treaties.

Answer

It undermines the universality of human rights.

Question 58

Which of the following is not a fundamental principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

State sovereignty

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Interdependence

Question 59

Which of the following is a characteristic of customary international law in the context of human rights?

Accepted Answer

It arises from consistent state practice and is recognized as binding

Answer

It is binding on all states regardless of their consent

Answer

It is written down in treaties and other formal agreements

Answer

It is only applicable to certain types of human rights, such as civil and political rights

Question 60

Which of the following is a principle that requires states to take proactive steps to ensure the enjoyment of human rights?

Accepted Answer

Due diligence

Answer

Non-discrimination

Answer

Proportionality

Answer

Margin of appreciation

Question 61

Which of the following is a fundamental principle enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Answer

Business enterprises have no responsibility to promote human rights.

Answer

Human rights are solely for victims of human rights violations.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a core international human rights treaty?

Accepted Answer

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Answer

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Question 63

What is the primary mandate of the Human Rights Committee?

Accepted Answer

To monitor the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Answer

To provide legal advice to states on human rights issues.

Answer

To investigate human rights violations worldwide.

Question 64

Which of the following is a potential limitation to the effectiveness of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Lack of universal ratification of treaties.

Answer

Availability of judicial remedies.

Answer

Wide acceptance of human rights norms.

Answer

Strong enforcement mechanisms.