Veterinary Pathology: Master Animal Disease Diagnosis and Interpretation

Question 1

How does immune-mediated hemolytic anemia develop?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies attack red blood cells, causing them to break down.

Answer

T cells directly kill red blood cells.

Answer

Red blood cell production is reduced.

Answer

Immune complexes damage the kidneys.

Question 2

Which types of neoplasia are most commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors in cats?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic adenoma

Answer

Lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and pancreatic carcinoma

Answer

Adrenal carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma

Question 3

How does oxidative stress contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative stress produces reactive oxygen species that harm cells and impair endothelial function.

Answer

Oxidative stress boosts nitric oxide production, a vasodilator that lowers blood pressure and increases blood flow.

Answer

Oxidative stress plays no role in cardiovascular disease.

Answer

Oxidative stress results from excessive antioxidant activity.

Question 4

How do genetic factors contribute to the development of inherited diseases in animals?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors determine the presence or absence of disease-causing mutations.

Answer

Genetic factors have no role in inherited diseases.

Answer

Genetic factors only contribute to inherited diseases if present in both gene copies.

Answer

Genetic testing identifies carriers but cannot predict disease development in offspring.

Question 5

How does veterinary pathology play a crucial role in wildlife conservation?

Accepted Answer

Veterinary pathology helps protect wildlife by analyzing post-mortem samples to identify causes of death and track disease outbreaks.

Answer

Veterinary pathology is irrelevant to wildlife conservation, as it only deals with domestic animals.

Answer

Veterinary pathology solely focuses on treating animal diseases and has no impact on conservation efforts.

Question 6

Identify the main histopathological changes in the kidneys of dogs with chronic renal failure.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular hypertrophy, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis

Answer

Glomerular sclerosis, tubular dilatation, and interstitial edema

Answer

Glomerular inflammation, tubular regeneration, and interstitial hemorrhage

Answer

Glomerular atrophy, tubular hyperplasia, and interstitial infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 7

In veterinary pathology research, what are the ethical considerations and limitations of animal experimentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethical considerations include animal well-being, minimizing distress, and exploring alternatives.

Answer

Animal experimentation is essential, overriding ethical concerns.

Answer

Animal experimentation has no limitations.

Answer

Animal experimentation is always the most reliable and precise approach.

Question 8

How do cytochrome P450 enzymes and metabolic activation contribute to drug-induced liver injury?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic activation converts drugs into harmful intermediates that damage liver cells.

Answer

Cytochrome P450 enzymes detoxify drugs, preventing liver damage.

Answer

Drug-induced liver injury occurs only from the direct toxicity of the original drug.

Question 9

How does veterinary pathology play a crucial role in safeguarding public health from zoonotic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Veterinary pathology helps diagnose and control animal diseases, preventing their spread to humans.

Answer

Veterinary pathology has no significant impact on human health.

Answer

Veterinary pathology only examines large lesions and does not aid in disease diagnosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of a neoplastic lesion?

Accepted Answer

Cellular differentiation

Answer

Uncontrolled proliferation

Answer

Invasion of surrounding tissues

Answer

Metastasis

Question 11

Which of the following is a common gross lesion associated with cardiac tamponade?

Accepted Answer

Hydropericardium

Answer

Hydrothorax

Answer

Ascites

Answer

Cachexia

Question 12

Hepatocytes with pale, swollen cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei, as observed in a liver biopsy, are most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Hydropic degeneration

Answer

Fatty change

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Amyloidosis

Question 13

The microscopic examination of a lymph node biopsy reveals a proliferation of large, atypical lymphocytes with prominent nucleoli. Which type of lymphoma is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoblastic lymphoma

Answer

Small cell lymphoma

Answer

Follicular lymphoma

Answer

Marginal zone lymphoma

Question 14

Which stain is commonly used in histology to highlight microorganisms in tissue sections?

Accepted Answer

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Answer

Haematoxylin and eosin

Answer

Gram stain

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff stain

Question 15

Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and expansion of the mesangial matrix, as seen in a kidney biopsy, are characteristic of which type of glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal change glomerulonephritis

Answer

Proliferative glomerulonephritis

Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 16

What is the primary function of fibrin in the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

To trap platelets and create a network

Answer

To activate the coagulation cascade

Answer

To dissolve the clot

Answer

To generate thrombin

Question 17

Identify the inflammatory response that occurs in the lungs due to inhaled irritants.

Accepted Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pleurisy

Answer

Emphysema

Question 18

Identify the primary function of the liver in the detoxification process.

Accepted Answer

Converting toxic substances into water-soluble forms

Answer

Storing and releasing glucose

Answer

Producing bile

Answer

Filtering blood

Question 19

What is the term for the microscopic examination of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Necropsy

Answer

Autopsy

Question 20

Which of the following is not a fundamental stage in disease progression?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium

Answer

Initiation

Answer

Progression

Answer

Resolution

Question 21

When observing a tissue sample stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) under a microscope, which cellular structure will appear blue?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear chromatin

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Erythrocytes

Answer

Muscle fibers

Question 22

The inflammatory response is a complex biological process characterized by several distinct stages. Which of the following is not a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Tissue fibrosis

Answer

Erythema

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Edema

Question 23

Which of the following neoplastic lesions is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and spread of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Fibroma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 24

Developing a post-mortem diagnostic plan requires a systematic approach. Which step should be initiated first?

Accepted Answer

Review of clinical history

Answer

Collection of gross lesions

Answer

Microscopic examination

Answer

Interpretation of results

Question 25

Which imaging modality is primarily employed to visualize soft tissues and organs in animals?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Radiography

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 26

The Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique is specifically utilized to detect which type of microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Question 27

Which of the following is not a physiological function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Production of immune cells

Answer

Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats

Answer

Production of bile

Answer

Detoxification of drugs and toxins

Question 28

Which diagnostic tool is frequently employed to detect pregnancy in cattle at an early stage?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Blood progesterone levels

Answer

Fecal examination

Answer

Radiography

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pruritus

Answer

Redness

Answer

Heat

Answer

Swelling

Question 30

Which of the following is a common gross finding in cases of clostridial enterotoxaemia in sheep?

Accepted Answer

Haemorrhagic enteritis

Answer

Fibrinous pleuritis

Answer

Necrotic hepatitis

Answer

Ulcerative gastritis

Question 31

A histological slide of a lung biopsy shows dense infiltration of neutrophils. Which type of pneumonia is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer

Viral pneumonia

Answer

Fungal pneumonia

Question 32

Which of the following is a neoplastic disease characterized by the proliferation of mast cells?

Accepted Answer

Mastocytoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Question 33

In a suspected case of equine influenza, which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirmation?

Accepted Answer

Virus isolation

Answer

Serology

Answer

PCR

Answer

Histopathology

Question 34

A microscopic examination of a mammary gland biopsy reveals a proliferation of ductal epithelial cells arranged in a cribriform pattern. Which histological diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Answer

Fibroadenoma

Answer

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Answer

Lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 35

Which of the following is a key feature of the gross pathology of acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Focal haemorrhagic necrosis

Answer

Diffuse fibrinous peritonitis

Answer

Ulcerative enteritis

Answer

Multifocal abscessation

Question 36

Inflammation is characterized by which of the following primary features?

Accepted Answer

Redness, warmth, swelling

Answer

Fever, fatigue, muscle aches

Answer

Ulceration, erosion, atrophy

Answer

Enlargement, degeneration, necrosis

Question 37

Which of the following lesions is classified as neoplastic?

Accepted Answer

Hemangioma

Answer

Granuloma

Answer

Abscess

Answer

Hematoma

Question 38

The term "dysplasia" refers to:

Accepted Answer

Abnormal cellular growth and development

Answer

Malignant transformation

Answer

Inflammatory response

Answer

Tissue regeneration

Question 39

The presence of a large number of neutrophils and fibrin in the synovial fluid of a joint indicates:

Accepted Answer

Acute septic arthritis

Answer

Chronic degenerative arthritis

Answer

Immune-mediated polyarthritis

Answer

Idiopathic synovitis

Question 40

Which of the following is a characteristic histological feature of lymphosarcoma?

Accepted Answer

Infiltration of sheets of neoplastic lymphoid cells

Answer

Presence of giant multinucleated cells

Answer

Marked fibrosis and collagen deposition

Answer

Extensive hemorrhage and necrosis

Question 41

In chronic granulomatous lesions, the predominant cell type in the inflammatory infiltrate is:

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Plasma cells

Question 42

Lymphoid hyperplasia in the gut of young animals is commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

Infectious agents

Answer

Dietary indiscretion

Answer

Idiopathic causes

Answer

Neoplastic diseases

Question 43

The most prevalent type of cancer in dogs is:

Accepted Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Osteosarcoma

Answer

Mammary carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neoplastic cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased cell death

Answer

Atypical morphology

Answer

Uncontrolled growth

Answer

Invasion of surrounding tissues

Question 45

What is the term for a localized accumulation of pus?

Accepted Answer

Abscess

Answer

Granuloma

Answer

Cyst

Answer

Hematoma

Question 46

Which of the following is a primary cause of hepatic lipidosis in cats?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Pancreatitis

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 47

What is a characteristic microscopic appearance of a granulomatous lesion?

Accepted Answer

Presence of epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration and abscess formation

Answer

Fibrosis and scarring

Answer

Hemorrhage and fibrin deposition

Question 48

Which of the following microscopy techniques is commonly used to visualize collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Trichrome staining

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

Electron microscopy

Question 49

What type of cell death involves the rupture of the cell membrane and release of cellular contents?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Autophagy

Answer

Mitotic cell death

Question 50

Which of the following is a common cardiopulmonary lesion observed in dogs?

Accepted Answer

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 51

What is the process by which phagocytic cells engulf and destroy foreign bodies?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Opsonization

Answer

Chemotaxis

Answer

Inflammation

Question 52

Which microscopic lesion is a hallmark of an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Karyolysis

Answer

Karyorrhexis

Answer

Amyloidosis

Question 53

Which option is NOT a type of neoplasia?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Leukemia

Question 54

A characteristic feature of amyloidosis is the positive result obtained through which staining technique?

Accepted Answer

Congo red staining

Answer

Apple-green birefringence

Answer

Caseous necrosis

Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration

Question 55

To definitively diagnose rabies in animals, which method is considered the gold standard?

Accepted Answer

Virus isolation

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

Serology

Question 56

Microscopic lesions can be classified into the following categories, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic

Answer

Degenerative

Answer

Reactive

Answer

Neoplastic

Question 57

What is the primary objective of veterinary pathology?

Accepted Answer

To diagnose and characterize diseases in animals

Answer

To develop novel treatments for animal diseases

Answer

To prevent the spread of animal diseases

Answer

To educate veterinarians on animal health

Question 58

The microscopic examination of tissues in veterinary pathology is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Necropsy

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Question 59

The process of identifying and classifying lesions in veterinary pathology is known as:

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis

Answer

Prognosis

Answer

Treatment

Answer

Epidemiology

Question 60

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of neoplastic lesions?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell growth

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Degeneration

Answer

Necrosis

Question 61

The post-mortem examination of animals is known as:

Accepted Answer

Necropsy

Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Cytology

Question 62

The microscopic examination of cells in veterinary pathology is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Cytology

Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Necropsy

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Question 63

In veterinary pathology research, which ethical concern is of primary importance?

Accepted Answer

Potential harm or distress to animals involved in the research

Answer

Limited relevance of animal research findings to human health

Answer

High costs and time required for animal research

Question 64

Within the animal production industry, which of the following is NOT a key responsibility of veterinary pathologists in ensuring food safety and quality?

Accepted Answer

Inspecting meat and poultry products for contamination

Answer

Diagnosing and monitoring animal diseases

Answer

Developing strategies for disease prevention and control in animal populations

Answer

Educating farmers and the public about animal health and food safety