Recognition of States: A Comprehensive Guide for Law Students

Question 1

Which theory of recognition posits that recognition is merely a formal acknowledgement of an existing statehood?

Accepted Answer

Declaratory Theory

Answer

Constitutive Theory

Answer

Dependent Theory

Answer

Implicit Theory

Question 2

What is the term used to describe recognition of a state that already exists in practice, but lacks universal recognition?

Accepted Answer

De Facto Recognition

Answer

Retroactive Recognition

Answer

Conditional Recognition

Answer

De Jure Recognition

Question 3

What is the legal status of a territory that is not fully self-governing, but is not recognized as an independent state?

Accepted Answer

Dependent Territory

Answer

Associated State

Answer

Protectorate

Answer

Mandate

Question 4

According to the Montevideo Convention, which of the following is NOT a fundamental characteristic of a state?

Accepted Answer

Recognition by established states

Answer

Permanent population

Answer

Defined territory

Answer

Effective government

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary implication of recognizing a new state?

Accepted Answer

Acceptance of its legal existence

Answer

Obligation to provide military aid

Answer

Transfer of all assets and liabilities

Answer

Automatic establishment of diplomatic relations

Question 6

Which doctrine permits states to withhold recognition from new states created through the use of force?

Accepted Answer

Stimson Doctrine

Answer

Tobar Doctrine

Answer

Estrada Doctrine

Answer

Lujan Doctrine

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of non-recognition?

Accepted Answer

Involvement in international organizations

Answer

Lack of diplomatic relations

Answer

Economic sanctions

Answer

Use of force

Question 8

A state that has gained recognition from a significant number of other states is considered to have

Accepted Answer

De facto recognition

Answer

De jure recognition

Answer

Conditional recognition

Answer

Limited recognition

Question 9

Which legal principle provides the basis for recognizing new states emerging from secession?

Accepted Answer

Right to self-determination

Answer

Doctrine of uti possidetis

Answer

Principle of effectiveness

Answer

Montevideo Convention

Question 10

The act of recognizing a new state is:

Accepted Answer

Discretionary

Answer

Mandatory

Answer

Automatic

Answer

Non-existent

Question 11

As per the Montevideo Convention, which of these is NOT a requirement for statehood?

Accepted Answer

Recognition by other states

Answer

A permanent population

Answer

A defined territory

Answer

A functioning government

Question 12

Which of the following is a declarative theory of statehood?

Accepted Answer

The declaratory theory

Answer

The Montevideo Convention theory

Answer

The constitutive theory

Answer

The criterion of effectiveness

Question 13

What is the effect of recognition by other states on a state's legal status?

Accepted Answer

It confirms an existing state's legal personality.

Answer

It creates the state's legal personality.

Answer

It grants special privileges to the recognized state.

Answer

It has no legal effect.

Question 14

What is the difference between de jure and de facto recognition?

Accepted Answer

De jure recognition implies a belief that the recognized state meets all the criteria for statehood, while de facto recognition does not.

Answer

De facto recognition implies a belief that the recognized state meets all the criteria for statehood, while de jure recognition does not.

Answer

De jure recognition is permanent, while de facto recognition is temporary.

Answer

There is no such difference.

Question 15

What is the legal basis for the recognition of governments?

Accepted Answer

Customary international law

Answer

The Montevideo Convention

Answer

The Charter of the United Nations

Answer

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

Question 16

What is the role of the International Court of Justice in the recognition of states?

Accepted Answer

The ICJ can only provide advisory opinions on the legality of recognition.

Answer

The ICJ can issue binding rulings on the legality of recognition.

Answer

The ICJ has no role in the recognition of states.

Answer

The ICJ can only issue binding rulings on the legality of non-recognition.

Question 17

How can recognition influence the promotion or erosion of self-determination and territorial integrity?

Accepted Answer

Recognition has the potential to legitimize self-determination movements, while also solidifying existing territorial claims.

Answer

Recognition invariably supports self-determination while undermining territorial integrity.

Answer

Recognition has no bearing on either self-determination or territorial integrity.

Question 18

In what ways do international organizations, such as the UN and the African Union, influence the recognition process?

Accepted Answer

By providing a platform for states to discuss and negotiate recognition.

Answer

By setting the criteria for statehood and recognition.

Answer

By imposing sanctions on states that refuse to recognize other states.

Answer

By having no influence on the recognition process.

Question 19

What is the primary effect of recognition by other states?

Accepted Answer

It establishes a legal obligation to respect the recognized state's sovereignty.

Answer

It grants the recognized state eligibility for membership in international organizations.

Answer

It confers diplomatic immunity to the recognized state's representatives.

Answer

It protects the recognized state from prosecution in international courts.

Question 20

In the context of recognition, what does the doctrine of estoppel imply?

Accepted Answer

A state cannot withdraw recognition once it has been granted.

Answer

A state may recognize a government even if it does not effectively control its territory.

Answer

A state must recognize a government if it is elected by its citizens.

Answer

A state cannot recognize a government that has violated international law.

Question 21

Which of the following factors is NOT taken into account when determining whether to recognize a state?

Accepted Answer

The government's diplomatic relations with the recognizing state

Answer

The government's effectiveness in controlling its territory

Answer

The government's legitimacy in the eyes of its citizens

Answer

The government's compliance with international human rights standards

Question 22

Explain the principle of uti possidetis.

Accepted Answer

It requires states to respect the existing boundaries of neighboring states.

Answer

It prohibits states from acquiring territory through conquest.

Answer

It grants states the right to self-determination.

Answer

It establishes the principle of sovereignty.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for statehood under the Montevideo Convention?

Accepted Answer

Recognition by other states

Answer

A defined territory

Answer

A permanent population

Answer

An effective government

Question 24

What is the significance of secession in relation to statehood?

Accepted Answer

It allows states to create new states by separating their territory.

Answer

It prohibits states from dissolving themselves and joining other states.

Answer

It requires states to obtain the approval of the international community before seceding.

Answer

It is solely a matter of domestic law and has no implications for international relations.

Question 25

Which of the following is the Montevideo Convention's primary function in determining statehood?

Accepted Answer

Establishing legal criteria for state recognition

Answer

Guaranteeing automatic recognition of new states

Answer

Preventing states from intervening in others' affairs

Answer

Resolving territorial disputes between states

Question 26

Which of the following outcomes is NOT a potential consequence of non-recognition of a state?

Accepted Answer

Validity of treaties remains unaffected

Answer

Denial of diplomatic privileges and immunities

Answer

Exclusion from international organizations

Question 27

In the case of Taiwan, which factor has played a primary role in its non-recognition by many states?

Accepted Answer

Political pressure exerted by the People's Republic of China

Answer

Economic dependence on China

Question 28

What is the core significance of the Stimson Doctrine in the context of state recognition?

Accepted Answer

It prohibits recognition of states established through the use of force

Answer

It requires recognition of all states that meet the criteria for statehood

Question 29

According to the Montevideo Convention, which of the following is **NOT** a criterion for recognition of a state?

Accepted Answer

Formal recognition by other states

Answer

Government

Answer

Permanent population

Answer

Defined territory

Question 30

Describe the distinction between de facto and de jure recognition.

Accepted Answer

De facto recognition implies actual control over territory, while de jure recognition implies legitimacy

Answer

De facto recognition is temporary, while de jure recognition is permanent

Question 31

What is the principle enshrined in the Calvo Doctrine?

Accepted Answer

States cannot intervene in the affairs of other states to protect their citizens' interests

Answer

States should only recognize governments that have effective control over territory

Question 32

Explain the significance of the Estrada Doctrine in the context of recognition.

Accepted Answer

It establishes the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other states

Answer

It requires states to recognize all governments that have effective control over territory

Answer

It prohibits states from recognizing governments that have come to power through the use of force

Question 33

According to the Montevideo Convention, which of the following is NOT a constitutive element of statehood?

Accepted Answer

Economic capacity

Answer

Permanent population

Answer

Defined territory

Answer

Government

Question 34

What type of recognition involves an explicit and formal act by one state acknowledging the existence of a new state?

Accepted Answer

De jure recognition

Answer

Collective recognition

Answer

Conditional recognition

Answer

De facto recognition

Question 35

What is the primary consequence of recognition?

Accepted Answer

Legitimizes the recognized state in the international community

Answer

Binds the recognized state to international law

Answer

Establishes diplomatic relations between the recognizing and recognized states

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of a state that has been described as a 'failed state'?

Accepted Answer

Somalia

Answer

United Kingdom

Answer

United States

Answer

France

Question 37

What is the primary role of the United Nations in the recognition of states?

Accepted Answer

Provides a platform for collective recognition.

Answer

Determines which states are eligible for recognition.

Answer

Enforces the Montevideo Convention on Statehood.

Question 38

Which of the following factors is generally NOT taken into consideration when determining whether to recognize a new state?

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefs of the population

Answer

Respect for human rights

Answer

Stability of the government

Answer

Capacity to fulfill international obligations

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for statehood under the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States?

Accepted Answer

Economic self-sufficiency

Answer

A defined territory

Answer

A permanent population

Answer

A government capable of exercising effective control

Question 40

The concept of 'declarative recognition' implies that:

Accepted Answer

A state exists independently of recognition by other states.

Answer

Recognition is a prerequisite for statehood.

Answer

Recognition is granted only after fulfilling certain conditions.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of non-recognition?

Accepted Answer

Automatic loss of sovereignty

Answer

Difficulty in concluding treaties

Answer

Limited access to international organizations

Question 42

The 'Uti Possidetis Juris' principle primarily relates to:

Accepted Answer

The territorial integrity of newly recognized states.

Answer

The establishment of diplomatic relations.

Answer

The recognition of newly formed governments.

Question 43

The Tobruk/Benghazi case study demonstrates the complexities of state recognition in the context of:

Accepted Answer

Internal armed conflicts and the formation of new states.

Answer

The role of international organizations in state recognition.

Answer

Economic sanctions and their impact on recognition.

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the 'collective recognition' approach?

Accepted Answer

Recognition by a group of states acting together, often based on shared criteria.

Answer

Recognition granted only after the fulfilment of specific legal requirements.

Answer

Recognition by individual states based solely on their national interests.

Question 45

The 'Stimson Doctrine' primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The refusal to recognize territorial changes achieved through force.

Answer

The automatic recognition of newly formed states.

Answer

The role of international law in determining statehood.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a key factor in determining the 'effectiveness' of a government, a criterion for statehood?

Accepted Answer

The level of popular support for the government.

Answer

The government's ability to maintain law and order.

Answer

The government's capacity to collect taxes and provide public services.

Answer

The government's ability to conduct international relations.

Question 47

The concept of 'recognition by estoppel' implies that:

Accepted Answer

States may be considered to have recognized a state through their actions, even if they have not explicitly declared it.

Answer

Recognition is only granted after a formal declaration by the recognizing state.

Question 48

The 'Badinter Commission's' work primarily focused on:

Accepted Answer

Establishing principles for the recognition of new states following the break-up of Yugoslavia.

Answer

Defining the criteria for membership in the United Nations.

Answer

Developing a comprehensive international law of state recognition.