Master the Biological Bases of Behavior in Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for feelings of pleasure, reward, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Question 2

Motor neurons are responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting signals from the brain to the muscles

Answer

Transmitting sensory information to the brain

Answer

Connecting neurons within the brain

Answer

Supporting and nourishing neurons

Question 3

Which genetic mechanism is known to have significant influence on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Sex-linked inheritance

Question 4

Which lobe of the brain is primarily associated with processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 5

Growth hormone is released by which gland?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is believed to have a role in regulating mood and is often associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Question 7

During which developmental stage do individuals typically experience rapid brain growth and the emergence of language skills?

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Childhood

Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Adulthood

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 9

Which research method in psychology allows the researcher to manipulate an independent variable to observe its effects on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Correlation study

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 10

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

MEG

Question 11

Which type of neuron transmits signals away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Soma

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is closely associated with reward pathways and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 14

Identify the brain structure that plays a pivotal role in regulating body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, and hormone release:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 15

Heritability estimates provide information primarily about the proportion of a trait's variance attributable to:

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors

Answer

Environmental factors

Answer

Interaction between genes and environment

Answer

Measurement error

Question 16

Identify the process by which new neurons are generated from stem cells:

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Axonogenesis

Answer

Dendritogenesis

Question 17

Eliminate the neuroimaging technique that is NOT employed in the study of brain function:

Accepted Answer

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Answer

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Answer

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 18

Which of the following states most accurately describes the primary activity of the default mode network?

Accepted Answer

Mind-wandering or self-referential thinking

Answer

Attention-demanding tasks

Answer

Sensory processing

Answer

Motor control

Question 19

Which hormone is most closely associated with managing the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 20

Identify the primary sensory cortex for visual processing in the human brain:

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 21

Characterize the defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases:

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of brain cells and function

Answer

Increased levels of neurotransmitters

Answer

Inflammation and oxidative stress

Answer

Rapid onset and short duration

Question 22

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for feelings of reward and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 23

What is the name of the brain area that processes visual information?

Accepted Answer

Visual cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Thalamus

Question 24

Which genetic mechanism is responsible for passing on traits from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Epigenetics

Question 25

What is the term for the process by which organisms adapt to their environment through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Evolution

Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Classical conditioning

Answer

Cognitive learning

Question 26

Which of the following is **not** a neuroanatomical plane used to describe the brain?

Accepted Answer

Axial

Answer

Sagittal

Answer

Coronal

Answer

Transverse

Question 27

What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

To connect the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer

To control movement

Answer

To process sensory information

Answer

To regulate sleep

Question 28

What is the name of the protective layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 29

A patient experiences sudden and severe memory loss following a traumatic head injury. Which brain region is most likely to have been damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 30

Which neurotransmitter systems are essential for both the formation and retrieval of long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin, GABA, Acetylcholine

Answer

Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone

Answer

Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins

Question 31

Which section of the brain is responsible for the most complex cognitive functions, such as reasoning, language, and higher-order thinking?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 33

What is the primary role of the reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Filtering and regulating incoming sensory information to the brain.

Answer

Initiating and coordinating motor responses

Answer

Processing and storing long-term memories

Question 34

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating growth and development in the body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 35

What is the term for the field of study that focuses on the genetic basis of behavior and traits?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Question 36

Which structure connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Pons

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 37

Which region of the brain is primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Storing procedural memories

Answer

Processing visual information

Answer

Regulating emotions

Question 38

What is the process by which genetic information is passed down from parents to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Selection

Question 39

Which of the following neuroimaging techniques provides three-dimensional images of brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

MEG