Sociology of Crime and Deviance: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

In criminology research involving sensitive topics like child abuse or sexual violence, which ethical consideration holds the utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Protecting participant confidentiality and minimizing potential harm

Answer

Acquiring informed consent from all participants

Answer

Ensuring research findings can be applied to the general population

Question 2

According to the conflict perspective, how are crime, deviance, and social inequality interconnected?

Accepted Answer

Crime and deviance result from social inequality and reinforce social hierarchies.

Answer

Crime and deviance are solely caused by individual moral flaws and should be punished severely.

Answer

Biological or psychological factors are the primary causes of criminal behavior.

Question 3

How do race and ethnicity influence crime patterns and societal responses to crime?

Accepted Answer

Race and ethnicity influence crime patterns and societal responses to crime, but the nature and extent of this influence vary depending on the context.

Answer

Race and ethnicity have no significant impact on crime patterns or societal responses to crime.

Answer

Race and ethnicity are the primary factors that determine crime patterns and societal responses to crime.

Answer

Race and ethnicity have a direct and deterministic effect on crime patterns and societal responses to crime.

Question 4

Which sociological theory underscores the significance of social bonds in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social Control Theory

Answer

Social Strain Theory

Answer

Labeling Theory

Question 5

Which sociological theory highlights the role of power imbalances and social inequality in shaping crime and how society reacts to it?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Labeling Theory

Question 6

Which criminological theory places primary importance on the influence of socioeconomic factors in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social Structural Theory

Answer

Biological Theory

Answer

Psychological Theory

Answer

Labeling Theory

Question 7

According to the labeling theory of deviance, what is the primary cause of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Social control and labeling of certain behaviors as deviant

Answer

Biological and psychological factors

Answer

Social protest and resistance to dominant norms

Answer

Characteristics of the offender

Question 8

According to labeling theory, what is a key factor in the development of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social expectations and reactions

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Economic disparities

Answer

Inherent individual characteristics

Question 9

Which sociological theory highlights the importance of social control and social bonds in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social Control Theory

Answer

Social Conflict Theory

Answer

Labeling Theory

Answer

Rational Choice Theory

Question 10

Which sociological theory emphasizes the impact of social disorganization on criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social Disorganization Theory

Answer

Social Control Theory

Answer

Conflict Theory

Question 11

In symbolic interactionist theory, which concept emphasizes the process of defining and labeling individuals as criminals or deviant?

Accepted Answer

Labeling

Answer

Social control

Answer

Strain theory

Question 12

In the conflict perspective of criminology, which factor is considered central to understanding criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality and economic deprivation

Answer

Social disorganization and weak social control

Answer

Individual mental health issues and psychological disorders

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primary theoretical perspective in the sociology of crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

Economic theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a key theoretical perspective in the sociological study of crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

Postmodern theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Question 15

Which sociological theory emphasizes the significance of social labeling in defining and shaping deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Social control theory

Question 16

Which sociological theory focuses on the social control of behavior, especially through the process of labeling individuals as deviant?

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory

Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 17

Which sociological theory highlights the significance of labeling and societal reactions in defining what is considered deviant?

Accepted Answer

Interactionism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 18

Which theory on crime and deviance emphasizes the impact of social structure and inequality on criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Question 19

In the sociology of crime and deviance, which theory highlights the importance of social inequality and power differences in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 20

In the sociological study of crime and deviance, which perspective is NOT considered a core theoretical framework?

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Structural functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a major theoretical perspective in the sociology of crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

Biological Positivism

Answer

Social Conflict Theory

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Rational Choice Theory

Question 22

Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of social inequality and conflict in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Question 23

Which theoretical perspective on crime and deviance emphasizes the role of social inequality and economic marginalization in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social conflict theory

Answer

Social disorganization theory

Answer

Labeling theory

Question 24

According to the sociological perspective, deviance is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Actions that are perceived as harmful or threatening by many people in a society.

Answer

Actions that break formal social rules and are punishable by law.

Answer

Actions that occur less frequently than others.

Answer

Actions that are personally unpleasant or offensive to the observer.

Question 25

Which sociological theory suggests that crime and deviance result from social inequality and economic hardship?

Accepted Answer

Social conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionist theory

Question 26

According to labeling theory, how can societal labeling of individuals influence their future behavior?

Accepted Answer

It can lead individuals to internalize negative labels and act accordingly.

Answer

It has no significant impact.

Answer

It can prevent individuals from engaging in crime.

Answer

It always leads to increased criminal behavior.

Question 27

Which of the following is not considered a traditional form of social control in society?

Accepted Answer

Social movements

Answer

Policing

Answer

Family

Answer

Religion

Question 28

How does intersectionality theory contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between crime and social inequalities?

Accepted Answer

It examines how multiple social identities and structures intersect and shape experiences of crime and deviance.

Answer

It focuses solely on the impact of a single factor, such as race or gender.

Answer

It argues that all forms of oppression are unrelated.

Answer

It only applies to specific marginalized groups.

Question 29

Which of the following is considered a pro-social behavior?

Accepted Answer

Helping others in need

Answer

Committing a crime

Answer

Breaking social norms

Answer

Deviating from expectations

Question 30

According to symbolic interactionism, how does socialization into criminal behavior occur?

Accepted Answer

It argues that crime is learned through interactions with others in social contexts.

Answer

It emphasizes the role of biological factors in shaping criminal behavior.

Answer

It focuses on the impact of social structures on criminal behavior.

Answer

It maintains that individuals are born with inherent criminal tendencies.

Question 31

According to Social Control Theory, which of the following factors is most important in preventing criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Strong social bonds

Answer

Economic opportunities

Answer

Effective policing

Answer

Harsh punishments

Question 32

Which type of crime is most likely to be committed by members of the upper class?

Accepted Answer

White-collar crime

Answer

Property crime

Answer

Violent crime

Answer

Organized crime

Question 33

Research has consistently shown that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to engage in criminal behavior. Which sociological concept best explains this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Anomie theory

Answer

Differential association theory

Question 34

A key critique of the labeling perspective in the sociology of deviance is that:

Accepted Answer

It oversimplifies the process of labeling and ignores the dynamics of power.

Answer

It fails to account for the role of individual factors in deviant behavior.

Answer

It lacks empirical support.

Answer

It assumes that all deviance is harmful.

Question 35

Which of the following is a specific example of a white-collar crime?

Accepted Answer

Embezzlement

Answer

Shoplifting

Answer

Burglary

Answer

Assault

Question 36

The term 'social control' in the sociology of crime refers to:

Accepted Answer

The formal and informal means society uses to regulate behavior and maintain social order.

Answer

The ability of individuals to resist criminal temptations.

Answer

The role of the police in preventing crime.

Answer

The extent to which individuals are integrated into society.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of the concept of 'anomie' in Durkheim's theory of crime?

Accepted Answer

Strong social solidarity

Answer

Lack of societal norms and values

Answer

Breakdown of social order

Answer

Alienation and disorientation

Question 38

The 'broken windows' theory of crime suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Visible signs of disorder and incivility encourage criminal behavior.

Answer

Minor crimes lead to more serious crimes.

Answer

Neighborhoods with high levels of poverty are more prone to crime.

Answer

The police should focus on preventing minor crimes.

Question 39

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Accepted Answer

Secondary deviance is a reaction to societal labeling, while primary deviance is not.

Answer

Primary deviance is more serious than secondary deviance.

Answer

Primary deviance is accepted by society, while secondary deviance is not.

Answer

Primary deviance is committed by individuals with a criminal record, while secondary deviance is committed by first-time offenders.

Question 40

The concept of 'moral panic' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A widespread public reaction to a perceived threat that is disproportionate to the actual threat level.

Answer

The fear of crime that is out of proportion to the actual risk of being victimized.

Answer

The belief that crime is increasing when it is actually decreasing.

Answer

The tendency of the media to sensationalize crime stories.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a major social factor influencing crime and deviance, as discussed in the unit description?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Social class

Answer

Race

Answer

Gender

Question 42

How does the unit define 'deviance'?

Accepted Answer

Behavior that violates social norms

Answer

Behavior that is statistically different from the norm

Answer

Behavior that is considered morally wrong

Answer

Behavior that disrupts social order

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a typical societal response to crime?

Accepted Answer

Education

Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Rehabilitation

Answer

Retribution

Question 44

How has the concept of 'deviance' evolved over time?

Accepted Answer

Deviance is now considered a socially constructed concept that varies across cultures.

Answer

Deviance is now exclusively viewed as a negative phenomenon.

Answer

Deviance is now only applied to extreme forms of behavior.

Answer

Deviance has remained a static concept throughout history.

Question 45

Which theory of crime suggests that criminal behavior is acquired through interactions with others?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Control theory

Answer

Labeling theory

Question 46

According to sociological theory, which of the following is NOT a major factor that influences crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Social class

Answer

Race

Answer

Gender

Question 47

The theory that proposes that crime results from a lack of opportunity is known as:

Accepted Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Labelling theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 48

The notion that crime and deviance are socially constructed and defined by societal norms is a core principle of:

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Feminist criminology

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a key social factor that influences crime and deviance according to the unit on Sociology of Crime and Deviance?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Social class

Answer

Race

Answer

Gender

Question 50

Which of the following is a key difference between positivist and interpretivist approaches to the study of crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

Both b and c.

Answer

Positivists emphasize social factors, while interpretivists emphasize individual factors.

Answer

Interpretivists emphasize the role of meaning and experience, while positivists focus on objective data.

Answer

Positivists seek to explain crime using general laws, while interpretivists focus on understanding specific cases.

Question 51

According to labeling theory, how does society contribute to the formation of criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

By labeling individuals as criminals, society can perpetuate a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Answer

By offering opportunities for individuals to participate in criminal activity.

Answer

By imposing excessive punishments on criminals, it fosters feelings of injustice.

Answer

None of the aforementioned

Question 52

Which sociological theory proposes that crime results from individuals lacking legitimate opportunities for success?

Accepted Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Labelling theory

Answer

Differential association theory

Question 53

What is the concept of 'moral panic'?

Accepted Answer

An exaggerated and widespread reaction to a perceived threat

Answer

A deliberate attempt by the media to provoke fear and anxiety

Answer

A form of social control based on labelling and ostracism

Answer

A strategy employed by law enforcement to target and suppress specific groups

Question 54

How does the concept of 'social constructionism' apply to the study of crime and deviance?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that definitions of crime and deviance are fluid and socially determined

Answer

It emphasizes the importance of individual agency in shaping criminal behavior

Answer

It rejects the idea that crime is a universal phenomenon

Answer

It argues that all crime is a result of mental illness

Question 55

Which of the following is a central idea in labeling theory and symbolic interactionism?

Accepted Answer

Deviance is created and defined by society

Answer

Crime is caused by individual psychological problems

Answer

Crime is a logical decision made by individuals

Answer

Social inequality does not affect crime rates

Question 56

Which theory emphasizes the role of social inequality and economic deprivation in shaping criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Differential association theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Labeling theory

Question 57

Which sociological theory proposes that crime is a result of social inequality and lack of legitimate opportunities?

Accepted Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Control theory

Answer

Labeling theory

Answer

Differential association theory

Question 58

According to labeling theory, individuals become labeled as deviant when they are identified and treated as such by powerful groups in society.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 59

Which type of social control involves the internalization of norms and values that guide individuals' behavior?

Accepted Answer

Informal social control

Answer

Formal social control

Answer

External social control

Answer

Direct social control

Question 60

According to differential association theory, individuals are likely to engage in criminal behavior if they have more exposure to:

Accepted Answer

Criminal role models

Answer

Positive role models

Answer

Pro-social peers

Answer

Law enforcement officials

Question 61

The sociological concept of 'anomie' best describes:

Accepted Answer

A state of normlessness

Answer

A society with too many rules

Answer

A state of social harmony

Answer

A situation of economic equality

Question 62

Which theory suggests that crime results from social inequality and oppression?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 63

Which theory of crime and deviance emphasizes the impact of social inequality and the law's role in preserving the power of dominant groups?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Social disorganization theory

Question 64

In labeling theory, what primarily determines if a person's behavior is considered deviant?

Accepted Answer

How society reacts to the behavior

Answer

The nature of the behavior itself

Answer

The person's own beliefs and values

Answer

The legal classification of the behavior