Thermodynamic Systems and Properties: Master Thermodynamics Concepts

Question 1

Which intensive property remains constant during a phase change of a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Mass

Question 2

In a reversible process, what happens to the entropy of the isolated system?

Accepted Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

May increase or decrease

Question 3

In an adiabatic process, what is the heat transfer into or out of the system?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Dependent on the system

Question 4

Which thermodynamic property is not conserved during a process?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Mass

Answer

Energy

Answer

Volume

Question 5

Which type of thermodynamic system allows for both mass and energy transfer across its boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 6

Classify the following thermodynamic system: A piston-cylinder assembly with a gas inside that can exchange heat and mass with the surroundings.

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of an isobaric process?

Accepted Answer

Constant pressure

Answer

Constant volume

Answer

Constant temperature

Answer

Constant entropy

Question 8

Which of the following thermodynamic processes is irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Free expansion

Answer

Isothermal expansion

Answer

Adiabatic compression

Answer

Reversible heat transfer

Question 9

The second law of thermodynamics implies that:

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always increases

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always decreases

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system remains constant

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system can increase or decrease

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder to a hotter reservoir.

Answer

Heat can flow spontaneously from a hotter to a colder reservoir.

Answer

Heat can flow spontaneously from a colder to a hotter reservoir if work is done.

Answer

Heat cannot be destroyed or created.

Question 11

The process in which a system undergoes no change in volume is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isobaric

Question 12

The specific heat of a substance is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 unit mass of the substance by 1 unit of temperature

Answer

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

Answer

The ratio of heat capacity to mass

Answer

The specific heat capacity of water

Question 13

The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is given by:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of work done to heat added

Answer

The ratio of heat added to heat rejected

Answer

The ratio of heat rejected to work done

Answer

The ratio of work done to heat rejected

Question 14

Which of the following is **NOT** a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 15

A closed system is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

No mass exchange with the surroundings

Answer

No heat exchange with the surroundings

Answer

No work exchange with the surroundings

Answer

No exchange of any properties with the surroundings

Question 16

Which of the following is **NOT** a state variable?

Accepted Answer

Heat

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Specific volume

Answer

Entropy

Question 17

An isentropic process is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Constant entropy

Answer

Constant temperature

Answer

Constant volume

Answer

Constant pressure

Question 18

Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to:

Accepted Answer

Conduct heat

Answer

Store heat

Answer

Generate heat

Answer

Absorb heat

Question 19

A reversible process is one that:

Accepted Answer

Can be reversed without any change in the system or surroundings

Answer

Can be reversed with a change in the system but no change in the surroundings

Answer

Can be reversed with a change in the surroundings but no change in the system

Answer

Cannot be reversed under any circumstances

Question 20

The efficiency of a heat engine is the:

Accepted Answer

Ratio of work output to heat input

Answer

Ratio of heat output to work input

Answer

Difference between heat input and heat output

Answer

Sum of heat input and heat output

Question 21

The property of a system that quantifies its degree of uncertainty or disorder is known as:

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Question 22

Which of the following state variables is considered a measure of system size or capacity?

Accepted Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Question 23

The process in which a system exchanges heat with its surroundings but no mass or work is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isobaric

Question 24

The standard unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI) is the:

Accepted Answer

Pascal (Pa)

Answer

Joule (J)

Answer

Kelvin (K)

Answer

Meter per second (m/s)

Question 25

The first law of thermodynamics primarily deals with the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Conservation of energy

Answer

Entropy increase

Answer

Heat transfer

Answer

System equilibrium

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of thermodynamics in engineering?

Accepted Answer

Electric circuits

Answer

Power plant design

Answer

Refrigeration systems

Answer

Combustion engines

Question 27

The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for an ideal gas is described by the:

Accepted Answer

Ideal gas law

Answer

Boyle's law

Answer

Charles's law

Answer

Dalton's law

Question 28

The property of a system that represents its potential to perform work is known as:

Accepted Answer

Exergy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Question 29

Classify the following thermodynamic system: A piston-cylinder assembly containing a gas that can exchange heat and work with the surroundings.

Accepted Answer

Closed system

Answer

Open system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Pseudo-open system

Question 30

Distinguish between an extensive property and an intensive property.

Accepted Answer

Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter, while intensive properties do not.

Answer

Intensive properties depend on the quantity of matter, while extensive properties do not.

Answer

Extensive properties can be negative, while intensive properties cannot.

Answer

Intensive properties can be negative, while extensive properties cannot.

Question 31

State the first law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

Total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Answer

Entropy of an isolated system continuously increases.

Answer

Heat flows from higher to lower temperatures.

Answer

Pressure of a gas is proportional to its volume.

Question 32

Define a reversible process in thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

A process that can be reversed without altering the system or surroundings.

Answer

A process that can be reversed with some alterations to the system or surroundings.

Answer

A process that cannot be reversed.

Answer

A process that occurs spontaneously.

Question 33

Describe a spontaneous process in thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

A process that occurs without any external energy input.

Answer

A process that occurs with external energy input.

Answer

A process that never occurs.

Answer

A process that is reversible.

Question 34

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a closed system?

Accepted Answer

No mass can cross the boundary

Answer

Energy can cross the boundary

Answer

Volume remains constant

Answer

Temperature remains constant

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a state variable?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Temperature

Question 36

The ideal gas equation is given by:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

TV = nR

Answer

PV^2 = nRT

Answer

PV/T = nR

Question 37

Entropy is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Randomness or disorder

Answer

Energy

Answer

Volume

Answer

Time

Question 38

The Gibbs free energy is defined as:

Accepted Answer

G = H - TS

Answer

G = U + PV

Answer

G = H + PV

Answer

G = U - TS

Question 39

Which of the following characteristics does NOT define a thermodynamic property of a system?

Accepted Answer

Acceleration

Answer

Independent of path

Answer

Can be measured directly

Answer

Describes the state of the system

Question 40

An isobaric process is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A gas expands against a constant external pressure

Answer

Heat is added to a gas in a sealed container

Answer

A gas is cooled in a vacuum

Answer

A gas is compressed by a piston

Question 41

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy:

Accepted Answer

Cannot be created or destroyed

Answer

Always flows from higher to lower temperatures

Answer

Is proportional to the temperature of the system

Answer

Is lost during any real process

Question 42

Which of the following is a path function?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 43

The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Work output divided by heat input

Answer

Heat input divided by work output

Answer

Heat rejected divided by heat input

Answer

Work input divided by heat rejected

Question 44

The state of a thermodynamic system is **completely** described by the specification of which set of variables?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pressure, and volume

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Temperature and pressure

Answer

Temperature, pressure, volume, and mass

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 46

A thermodynamic system is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Any region of space where thermodynamic properties are defined

Answer

A collection of matter with no interaction with the surroundings

Answer

A quantity of matter with uniform composition and properties

Answer

A process that occurs over a period of time

Question 47

The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of:

Accepted Answer

1 kilogram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

Answer

1 gram of the substance by 1 Joule

Answer

1 mole of the substance by 1 calorie

Answer

1 cubic centimeter of the substance by 1 Kelvin

Question 48

Which of the following is a closed system?

Accepted Answer

A sealed bottle of gas

Answer

A pot of boiling water

Answer

A car engine

Answer

A turbine

Question 49

The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of:

Accepted Answer

Conservation of energy

Answer

Conservation of mass

Answer

Conservation of momentum

Answer

Conservation of entropy

Question 50

An adiabatic process is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

No heat transfer

Answer

No volume change

Answer

No pressure change

Answer

No temperature change

Question 51

The entropy of an isolated system:

Accepted Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Increases over time

Answer

Decreases over time

Answer

Oscillates

Question 52

A closed system that exchanges heat with the surroundings is known as:

Accepted Answer

Diathermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Isobaric

Question 53

A system undergoes a process resulting in a decrease in its entropy. This process is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Irreversible

Answer

Reversible

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Question 54

A reversible process in a thermodynamic system means:

Accepted Answer

The system returns to its initial state with no change in entropy

Answer

The system returns to its initial state with an increase in entropy

Answer

The system returns to its initial state with a decrease in entropy

Answer

The system does not return to its initial state

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a property of a thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

Acceleration

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Entropy

Question 56

A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when:

Accepted Answer

Its properties are not changing with time

Answer

It is isolated from its surroundings

Answer

It is in thermal equilibrium only

Answer

It is at a uniform temperature

Question 57

Which of the following processes is isobaric?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of water at constant pressure

Answer

Adiabatic expansion of a gas

Answer

Isothermal compression of a liquid

Answer

Isentropic expansion of a steam

Question 58

The specific volume of a substance is:

Accepted Answer

Volume occupied by unit mass of the substance

Answer

Volume occupied by unit mole of the substance

Answer

Mass of the substance per unit volume

Answer

Ratio of volume to temperature

Question 59

Which of the following is an extensive property?

Accepted Answer

Volume

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Specific heat capacity

Question 60

The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of:

Accepted Answer

Conservation of energy

Answer

Entropy increase

Answer

Thermal equilibrium

Answer

Thermodynamic efficiency

Question 61

The zeroth law of thermodynamics implies that:

Accepted Answer

If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other

Answer

Heat always flows from a hot system to a cold system

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always increases

Answer

The internal energy of a system is a state property

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT considered a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Acceleration

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Question 63

An isothermal process is one in which:

Accepted Answer

Temperature remains constant

Answer

Volume remains constant

Answer

Pressure remains constant

Answer

Internal energy remains constant

Question 64

Which of the following systems is considered open?

Accepted Answer

Air flowing through a duct

Answer

A closed container filled with gas

Answer

A sealed bottle of water

Answer

A piston-cylinder system with a fixed volume