Master Human Rights Enforcement: UN, ICJ, ICC

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a core function of the United Nations Human Rights Council?

Accepted Answer

Enforcing human rights treaties

Answer

Investigating human rights violations

Answer

Adopting resolutions on human rights issues

Answer

Monitoring the implementation of human rights commitments

Question 2

Which of the following entities has jurisdiction to adjudicate disputes solely between States?

Accepted Answer

States only

Answer

Individuals and states

Answer

International organizations and states

Answer

Individuals only

Question 3

Within the United Nations Human Rights Council, Special Rapporteurs are primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Conducting independent investigations into human rights situations in specific countries or thematic areas

Answer

Representing their respective states as elected members of the Council

Answer

Providing administrative support to the Council's Secretariat

Answer

Adjudicating cases involving human rights violations

Question 4

According to the principle of non-intervention in international law, states are prohibited from:

Accepted Answer

Interfering in the internal affairs of other states

Answer

Using military force against other states without authorization

Answer

Providing humanitarian aid to other states

Answer

Participating in international organizations

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles guiding the work of the United Nations Human Rights Council?

Accepted Answer

Sovereignty

Answer

Universality

Answer

Impartiality

Answer

Non-selectivity

Question 6

Precisely Which principle is not recognized by the UN Human Rights Council?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Universality

Answer

Impartiality

Answer

Respect for sovereignty

Question 7

Which of the following is **not** a source of law for the International Court of Justice?

Accepted Answer

Domestic legislation

Answer

Treaties

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

General principles of law

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a core treaty body of the United Nations Human Rights system?

Accepted Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

Human Rights Committee

Answer

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women

Answer

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Question 9

The International Court of Justice exercises jurisdiction over:

Accepted Answer

States only

Answer

States and international organizations

Answer

Individuals and international organizations

Answer

Individuals only

Question 10

The fundamental principle of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is:

Accepted Answer

Complementarity and non-retroactivity

Answer

Universality and due process

Answer

Non-discrimination and proportionality

Answer

Sovereignty and self-determination

Question 11

The Human Rights Council's mandate includes the power to:

Accepted Answer

Investigate and report on human rights violations worldwide

Answer

Prosecuting individuals for human rights violations

Answer

Adopting international human rights treaties

Answer

Enforcing human rights judgments

Question 12

A primary challenge to the effective enforcement of human rights at the international level is:

Accepted Answer

Lack of political will and resistance from sovereign states

Answer

Insufficient resources and complexity of international law

Answer

Lack of public awareness and cultural diversity

Answer

Inadequate legal frameworks and weak enforcement mechanisms

Question 13

The crime of genocide, as defined by the Rome Statute, encompasses:

Accepted Answer

Acts intended to destroy, in whole or in part, a specific group

Answer

Acts causing serious bodily or mental harm to a group

Answer

Acts resulting in forced displacement of a group

Answer

Acts constituting severe discrimination against a group

Question 14

The legal status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that of a:

Accepted Answer

Non-binding declaration

Answer

Legally binding treaty

Answer

United Nations resolution

Answer

Charter of the United Nations

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a core function of the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)?

Accepted Answer

Implementing sanctions on states that violate human rights

Answer

Monitoring human rights situations worldwide

Answer

Investigating human rights violations

Answer

Publishing reports and making recommendations

Question 16

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has jurisdiction to adjudicate disputes between:

Accepted Answer

States that have voluntarily accepted its jurisdiction

Answer

States that have ratified the Statute of the ICJ

Answer

Individuals and states

Answer

International organizations and states

Question 17

Under the Rome Statute, the crime of genocide is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Intentionally killing members of a group based on their nationality, ethnicity, race, or religion

Answer

Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of a group

Answer

Preventing births within a group

Answer

Forcibly transferring children of a group to another group

Question 18

Which body is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?

Accepted Answer

Human Rights Committee

Answer

International Labour Organization

Answer

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Answer

Security Council

Question 19

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established to prosecute individuals responsible for:

Accepted Answer

The Rwandan genocide in 1994

Answer

The Bosnian War in 1992-1995

Answer

The Darfur conflict in 2003-2008

Answer

The Srebrenica massacre in 1995

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism

Answer

Universality

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Enforceability

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the United Nations Human Rights Council?

Accepted Answer

Imposing binding sanctions on states found in violation of human rights.

Answer

Monitoring and reporting on human rights situations in various countries.

Answer

Promoting international cooperation on human rights issues.

Question 22

What is the primary jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

Accepted Answer

Disputes between states.

Answer

Crimes against humanity committed by individuals.

Answer

Disputes between individuals and states.

Answer

Violations of human rights by state actors.

Question 23

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction over which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression, committed by nationals of state parties to the ICC Rome Statute.

Answer

All violations of international human rights law.

Answer

Disputes between states over territorial boundaries.

Question 24

Which of the following is a significant challenge faced by international human rights enforcement mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The principle of state sovereignty and the reluctance of states to accept external oversight.

Answer

The absence of a global human rights court with universal jurisdiction.

Answer

The lack of legal expertise in international law.

Question 25

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is significant because it:

Accepted Answer

Established a universal framework for human rights that has been influential in the development of subsequent human rights treaties.

Answer

Created a binding international treaty on human rights.

Question 26

What is the role of the UN Human Rights Committee in relation to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?

Accepted Answer

To monitor states' compliance with the ICCPR and issue recommendations.

Answer

To negotiate and draft new human rights treaties.

Answer

To prosecute individuals for violations of the ICCPR.

Question 27

The 'complementarity principle' in the context of the ICC refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ICC's jurisdiction only applies when a state party is unwilling or unable to prosecute crimes within its own legal system.

Answer

The ICC's jurisdiction is complementary to that of the International Court of Justice.

Question 28

What is the significance of the 'human rights due diligence' concept in the context of international business?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes the responsibility of companies to prevent human rights abuses in their operations and supply chains and to mitigate any adverse human rights impacts.

Answer

It requires companies to donate a percentage of their profits to human rights organizations.

Question 29

Which of the following is a key principle guiding the work of the UN Human Rights Council?

Accepted Answer

Universality, indivisibility, interdependence, and interrelation of human rights.

Answer

Primacy of national law over international human rights law.

Answer

Cultural relativism and respect for national sovereignty.