Individuals in International Law: Rights, Obligations, and Human Rights

Question 1

How does 'jus cogens' contribute to safeguarding individual rights in international law?

Accepted Answer

Jus cogens norms are universally binding and cannot be violated, even during conflicts.

Answer

Jus cogens norms solely apply to citizens of states that have ratified the relevant treaty.

Answer

Jus cogens norms can only be established through customary international law, not treaties.

Question 2

Which of the following factors facilitates the enforcement of international law and the protection of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Strong political will

Answer

Limited universal jurisdiction

Answer

State sovereignty

Answer

Scarcity of resources

Question 3

Which of the following is an internationally recognized right of individuals?

Accepted Answer

The right to a fair trial

Accepted Answer

The right to privacy

Answer

The right to own slaves

Answer

The right to bear arms

Question 4

Which of these is NOT considered a fundamental human right under international law?

Accepted Answer

The right to own slaves

Answer

The right to life and liberty

Answer

The right to a fair trial

Answer

The right to freedom of expression

Question 5

Which of the following is a cornerstone principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

The inherent dignity of the human person

Answer

Economic growth should take precedence over human rights

Answer

State sovereignty is paramount

Answer

National security justifies human rights violations

Question 6

What is the legal scope of the right to life under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?

Accepted Answer

Protection from arbitrary deprivation of life by States

Answer

Assisted suicide is a fundamental right

Answer

Capital punishment is not prohibited

Answer

Self-defense always justifies taking a human life

Question 7

Which international treaty is the primary instrument prohibiting torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment?

Accepted Answer

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

Answer

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Question 8

What are the obligations of States under human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Both positive obligations (to promote rights) and negative obligations (to refrain from violating rights)

Answer

States have only negative obligations

Answer

States have no obligation to protect individuals from human rights violations

Answer

States have only positive obligations

Question 9

Which body has jurisdiction to enforce the European Convention on Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

European Court of Human Rights

Answer

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

Human Rights Council

Question 10

What is the principle of "universal jurisdiction" in international criminal law?

Accepted Answer

Certain crimes, such as genocide and war crimes, can be prosecuted by any State regardless of nationality or territory

Answer

Only nationals of the prosecuting State can be prosecuted

Answer

Jurisdiction is limited to the State where the crimes were committed

Question 11

What is the primary obligation of States cooperating with the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

Accepted Answer

To arrest and surrender individuals sought by the ICC

Answer

States have no obligation to cooperate with the ICC

Answer

To provide financial support to the ICC

Answer

To enact legislation implementing ICC crimes domestically

Question 12

What is the "margin of appreciation" concept in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights?

Accepted Answer

States have some discretion in implementing certain rights to reflect their own cultural and social circumstances

Answer

States have no obligation to respect the provisions of the Convention

Question 13

Which of the following is **not** a source of international law?

Accepted Answer

Municipal law

Answer

General principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Answer

Customary international law

Answer

Treaties

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** a recognized principle of international human rights law?

Accepted Answer

Selectivity

Answer

Indivisibility

Answer

Universality

Answer

Non-discrimination

Question 15

Which of the following rights is **not** guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?

Accepted Answer

Right to health

Answer

Right to a fair trial

Answer

Right to vote

Answer

Right to freedom of expression

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental human right recognized by international law?

Accepted Answer

Right to own a gun

Answer

Right to life

Answer

Right to freedom of expression

Answer

Right to a fair trial

Question 17

Under which international convention are individuals granted protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment?

Accepted Answer

Convention against Torture

Answer

Geneva Conventions

Answer

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Answer

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Question 18

Which international court has jurisdiction over individuals accused of committing crimes against humanity?

Accepted Answer

International Criminal Court

Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Answer

European Court of Human Rights

Question 19

What is the principle of non-refoulement under international refugee law?

Accepted Answer

Prohibition on returning refugees to countries where they face persecution

Answer

Requirement for states to provide asylum to all refugees

Answer

Right of refugees to return to their home countries voluntarily

Question 20

Which UN body is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Accepted Answer

Human Rights Committee

Answer

Security Council

Answer

International Court of Justice

Answer

General Assembly

Question 21

What is the principle of universal jurisdiction in international law?

Accepted Answer

Certain crimes can be prosecuted by any state, regardless of where they were committed

Answer

Jurisdiction is limited to the territory of the state that committed the crime

Answer

Jurisdiction is based on the nationality of the victim

Question 22

What is the responsibility to protect (R2P) doctrine?

Accepted Answer

International obligation to prevent and respond to genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity

Answer

Principle that states have a right to intervene in other states to protect their citizens

Question 23

Which principle of international human rights law requires states to respect, protect, and fulfill the human rights of individuals?

Accepted Answer

State obligations principle

Answer

Non-discrimination principle

Answer

Proportionality principle

Answer

Universality principle

Question 24

What is the International Law Commission?

Accepted Answer

UN body that codifies and develops international law

Answer

Treaty body that monitors the implementation of human rights conventions

Answer

Court that interprets and applies international law