Recognition of States and Governments: Master the Fundamentals

Question 1

What type of recognition involves a formal declaration by one state that it acknowledges the existence and legitimacy of another state?

Accepted Answer

Declaratory

Answer

Constitutive

Answer

Implied

Answer

Conditional

Question 2

Under the principle of 'estoppel,' what is a state prohibited from doing?

Accepted Answer

Revoking recognition once it has been granted

Answer

Recognizing a government that lacks effective control over territory

Answer

Applying subjective criteria in its recognition decisions

Answer

Assuming obligations to support the recognized state

Question 3

What is the effect of de facto recognition?

Accepted Answer

Treating the recognized entity as a state for certain purposes

Answer

Granting full diplomatic immunity to representatives of the recognized entity

Answer

Requiring the recognizing state to intervene in the internal affairs of the recognized entity

Answer

Automatically conferring membership in international organizations

Question 4

The **declaratory theory** of recognition suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Recognition merely acknowledges an existing state or government

Answer

Recognition creates a new state or government

Answer

Recognition is a matter of policy and discretion

Answer

Recognition may be withdrawn at any time

Question 5

Which type of recognition is based on the **actual exercise of authority**?

Accepted Answer

De facto recognition

Answer

De jure recognition

Answer

Provisional recognition

Answer

Condominium

Question 6

Which of the following is **not** a potential **legal effect of recognition**?

Accepted Answer

Immunity from jurisdiction

Answer

The right to participate in international organizations

Answer

The capacity to enter into treaties

Answer

Obligation to respect international law and human rights

Question 7

Which of the following is **not** a potential **consequence of non-recognition**?

Accepted Answer

Automatic expulsion from international organizations

Answer

Denial of diplomatic relations

Answer

Withholding of economic aid

Answer

Military intervention

Question 8

In the **Hague Conventions of 1907**, which of the following was **not** recognized as a way to acquire territory?

Accepted Answer

Conquest

Answer

Occupation

Answer

Cession

Answer

Prescription

Question 9

The **ICJ Statute** establishes that recognition of a state or government is a matter of:

Accepted Answer

Concurrent competence of the ICJ and national courts

Answer

Exclusive competence of the ICJ

Answer

Exclusive competence of national courts

Answer

Discretion of the United Nations Security Council

Question 10

Which of the following is **not** a typical **characteristic** of a **failed state**?

Accepted Answer

Stable and well-functioning political system

Answer

Weak or non-existent government institutions

Answer

Lack of economic development

Answer

High levels of corruption

Question 11

The **Tobar Doctrine**, proposed by Colombia in 1907, sought to promote:

Accepted Answer

Non-intervention in the internal affairs of states

Answer

Recognition of revolutionary governments

Answer

Prevention of recognition of governments that came to power through force

Answer

Establishment of a regional court for the settlement of disputes

Question 12

The Montevideo Convention outlines four key criteria for statehood. Which of these is NOT considered a fundamental criterion?

Accepted Answer

International recognition

Answer

A permanent population

Answer

A defined territory

Answer

An effective government

Question 13

Which statement best describes the role of the United Nations in the recognition of states and governments?

Accepted Answer

The UN has played a significant role in recognizing new states, such as East Timor, and governments, such as the Palestinian Authority.

Answer

The UN's role is purely symbolic.

Answer

The UN's role is limited to recognizing new states formed through decolonization.

Answer

The UN has no role in the recognition of governments.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a typical legal consequence of recognizing a non-state actor?

Accepted Answer

Immunity from intervention

Answer

Legitimacy

Answer

Capacity to enter into agreements

Question 15

What is the primary legal effect of recognition of a state?

Accepted Answer

It establishes the state as a subject of international law.

Answer

It creates a legal obligation for other states to recognize the recognized state.

Answer

It authorizes the recognized state to use force against other states.

Answer

It terminates all previous treaties and agreements between the recognized state and other states.

Question 16

Which of the following is **NOT** a potential consequence of non-recognition?

Accepted Answer

Use of force against the non-recognized state by other states.

Answer

Exclusion from international organizations.

Answer

Inability to enter into treaties.

Answer

Denial of access to international financial institutions.

Question 17

How has the involvement of international organizations, such as the United Nations and regional organizations, changed in the recognition of states and governments?

Accepted Answer

International organizations now play a larger role in confirming whether a state meets the criteria for recognition.

Answer

International organizations have become the main entities responsible for granting recognition to states and governments.

Answer

International organizations have no official role in the recognition process.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for statehood under the Montevideo Convention?

Accepted Answer

Population

Answer

Capacity to conduct foreign relations

Answer

Permanent population

Answer

Defined territory

Question 19

What type of recognition implies acceptance of the state but not necessarily its government?

Accepted Answer

De facto recognition

Answer

De jure recognition

Answer

Declaratory recognition

Answer

Constitutive recognition

Question 20

The policy of non-intervention and non-recognition in Latin America is associated with which doctrine?

Accepted Answer

Estrada Doctrine

Answer

Intervention without recognition

Answer

Intervention and recognition

Answer

Recognition without intervention

Question 21

Which of the following is a potential benefit of recognizing a stable government?

Accepted Answer

Promoting peace and preventing conflict

Answer

Undermining the legitimacy of the former government

Answer

Interfering in the internal affairs of the state

Answer

Recognizing an illegal or oppressive regime

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of the Montevideo Convention?

Accepted Answer

To codify the criteria for the recognition of states

Answer

To prohibit interference in the internal affairs of states

Answer

To promote peaceful coexistence among states

Question 23

Which characteristic distinguishes constitutive recognition from declaratory recognition?

Accepted Answer

It creates legal rights and obligations

Answer

It is granted unconditionally

Answer

It is irrevocable

Answer

It is a mere acknowledgment of a state's existence

Question 24

The "Lotus Principle" refers to which of the following principles in international law?

Accepted Answer

The principle of freedom of jurisdiction

Answer

The principle of non-intervention

Answer

The principle of state sovereignty