Pharmacokinetics: Master Drug Movement in the Body for Pharmacy Students

Question 1

The process of eliminating unchanged drugs and their metabolites from the body is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Question 2

Which route of administration typically results in the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Question 3

Which of the following clearance mechanisms is independent of blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Glomerular filtration

Answer

Tubular secretion

Answer

Hepatic metabolism

Question 4

Vd of distribution refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Volume of fluid in which a drug is evenly dispersed throughout the body

Answer

Volume of fluid in which a drug is entirely dissolved

Answer

Volume of fluid in which a drug is concentrated

Answer

Volume of fluid in which a drug is eliminated

Question 5

A characteristic of passive diffusion is that it:

Accepted Answer

Is independent of drug concentration

Answer

Occurs against a concentration gradient

Answer

Requires energy input

Answer

Involves carrier proteins

Question 6

Which route is considered the major pathway for drug elimination from the body?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion (urine)

Answer

Biliary excretion (bile)

Answer

Fecal excretion (faeces)

Answer

Cutaneous excretion (sweat)

Question 7

Explain the impact of increasing the volume of distribution of a drug on its duration of action.

Accepted Answer

Increased duration of action

Answer

Decreased duration of action

Answer

No significant change in duration of action

Answer

Unpredictable effects on duration of action

Question 8

State the primary reason for administering a loading dose in drug therapy.

Accepted Answer

To rapidly achieve therapeutic drug concentrations

Answer

To reduce the frequency of drug administration

Answer

To minimize potential side effects

Answer

To improve patient adherence to the medication regimen

Question 9

Identify the potential consequences of drug interactions.

Accepted Answer

Both altered efficacy and toxicity

Answer

Altered drug efficacy

Answer

Increased or decreased drug toxicity

Answer

Neither altered efficacy nor toxicity

Question 10

Which drug administration route offers the highest bioavailability and the fastest onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 11

Which of the following is the primary route of absorption for the majority of orally administered drugs?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion across the intestinal mucosa

Answer

Active transport across the intestinal mucosa

Answer

Pinocytosis across the intestinal mucosa

Answer

Facilitated diffusion across the intestinal mucosa

Question 12

Which of the following factors can increase the volume of distribution of a drug?

Accepted Answer

High lipid solubility

Answer

Extensive plasma protein binding

Answer

Limited metabolism

Answer

Low molecular weight

Question 13

Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for the metabolism of drugs in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases

Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer

Sulfotransferases

Question 14

A one-compartment model in pharmacokinetics assumes that:

Accepted Answer

The drug is distributed evenly throughout the body

Answer

The drug is eliminated from the body by a first-order process

Answer

The drug is metabolized in the liver

Answer

The drug is excreted unchanged in the urine

Question 15

A potential limitation of animal models in pharmacokinetic studies is that:

Accepted Answer

Animal models may not accurately predict human responses

Answer

Animal models are more expensive than human studies

Answer

Animal models are not ethical

Answer

Animal models are not reproducible

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used route of drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Intraventicular

Answer

Rectal

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Oral

Question 17

The distribution of a drug in the body is influenced by which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

Physicochemical properties and body composition

Answer

Metabolism rate only

Answer

Excretion rate only

Answer

Route of administration only

Question 18

The volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug provides an indication of its:

Accepted Answer

Affinity for body tissues

Answer

Rate of elimination

Answer

Concentration in plasma

Answer

Protein binding capacity

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a first-order elimination process?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion of a drug

Answer

Zero-order elimination of a drug

Answer

Michaelis-Menten elimination of a drug

Question 20

Clearance of a drug refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Rate of drug removal from the body

Answer

Volume of distribution of the drug

Answer

Drug concentration in plasma

Answer

Half-life of the drug

Question 21

Which of the following factors can significantly impact drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variations

Answer

Temperature only

Answer

Drug concentration only

Answer

pH only

Question 22

The half-life of a drug represents the:

Accepted Answer

Time required for drug concentration to decrease by half

Answer

Time taken for drug to be completely eliminated

Answer

Time taken for drug concentration to double

Question 23

The term 'bioavailability' in pharmacokinetics refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation

Answer

Extent of drug distribution

Answer

Rate of drug absorption