Cancer Pharmacotherapy: Master the Treatment of Solid Tumors and Hematologic Malignancies

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic adverse effect of vincristine?

Accepted Answer

Neurotoxicity

Answer

Neutropenia

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Question 2

Which of the following is a targeted therapy used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Imatinib

Answer

Rituximab

Answer

Trastuzumab

Answer

Bevacizumab

Question 3

Which of the following is a type of hormonal therapy used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Leuprolide

Answer

Tamoxifen

Answer

Letrozole

Answer

Fulvestrant

Question 4

Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by mercaptopurine?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Answer

Thymidylate synthase

Answer

Dihydrofolate reductase

Answer

Ribonucleotide reductase

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation towards specialized functions

Answer

Uncontrolled cell proliferation

Answer

Ability to invade surrounding tissues

Answer

Resistance to apoptosis

Question 6

The primary target of cytotoxic chemotherapy is:

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis

Answer

RNA synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Microtubule assembly

Question 7

The initial treatment of choice for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children typically involves:

Accepted Answer

Combination chemotherapy

Answer

Single-agent chemotherapy

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Answer

Targeted therapy

Question 8

Which of the following is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Rituximab

Answer

Trastuzumab

Answer

Bevacizumab

Answer

Cetuximab

Question 9

The most prevalent type of solid tumor in the United Kingdom is:

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Prostate cancer

Answer

Colorectal cancer

Question 10

The primary goal of surgery in cancer treatment is:

Accepted Answer

Removing the primary tumor

Answer

Preventing metastasis

Answer

Reducing tumor size

Answer

Relieving symptoms

Question 11

The primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in cancer therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

Interfere with DNA replication by forming covalent bonds with DNA molecules

Answer

Inhibit cell division by blocking spindle fiber formation

Answer

Damage cell membranes by disrupting their lipid bilayer

Answer

Induce immune responses by activating immune cells

Question 12

The primary goal of adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce the risk of recurrence by targeting residual cancer cells

Answer

Cure the disease by eliminating all cancer cells

Answer

Alleviate symptoms associated with the disease

Answer

Enhance patient quality of life by managing symptoms

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of hematologic malignancy?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a cancer affecting blood-forming tissues

Answer

Breast cancer, a solid tumor arising in the breast tissue

Answer

Lung cancer, a solid tumor arising in the lung tissue

Answer

Melanoma, a cancer arising from pigment-producing cells

Question 14

The role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells

Answer

Blocking the growth of new blood vessels supplying the tumor

Answer

Inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis

Answer

Repairing damaged DNA and restoring normal cell function

Question 15

The primary objective of supportive care in cancer management is to:

Accepted Answer

Alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and provide emotional support

Answer

Cure the underlying malignancy by targeting cancer cells

Answer

Prevent recurrence of the disease after initial treatment

Answer

Enhance the effectiveness of treatment and reduce side effects

Question 16

Which mechanism of action is NOT employed by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs?

Accepted Answer

Immunostimulation

Answer

Induction of apoptosis

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Answer

Disruption of mitosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a targeted therapy used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Imatinib

Answer

Trastuzumab

Answer

Rituximab

Answer

Cetuximab

Question 18

What is the primary objective of adjuvant chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the likelihood of recurrence

Answer

To eradicate the cancer

Answer

To alleviate symptoms

Answer

To extend survival

Question 19

What is a fundamental distinction between solid tumors and hematologic malignancies?

Accepted Answer

Solid tumors are localized, whereas hematologic malignancies are systemic

Answer

Hematologic malignancies are more prevalent than solid tumors

Answer

Solid tumors are more resistant to treatment than hematologic malignancies

Answer

There is no significant distinction between solid tumors and hematologic malignancies

Question 20

Which of the following drugs is a monoclonal antibody?

Accepted Answer

Trastuzumab

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

Cisplatin

Answer

Doxorubicin

Question 21

Which term describes the rapid multiplication of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Apoptosis

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Controlled Proliferation

Answer

Limitless replicative potential

Answer

Evasion of apoptosis

Answer

Sustained angiogenesis

Question 23

Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs primarily target:

Accepted Answer

Rapidly dividing cells

Answer

Cells undergoing apoptosis

Answer

Quiescent cells

Answer

Terminally differentiated cells

Question 24

Which of the following is a targeted therapy specifically used for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Imatinib

Answer

Fluorouracil

Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

Tamoxifen

Question 25

The most common mechanism of resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) in CML is:

Accepted Answer

Point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain

Answer

Activation of alternative signalling pathways

Answer

Increased drug efflux

Answer

Enhanced DNA repair mechanisms

Question 26

A significant adverse effect associated with anthracyclines is:

Accepted Answer

Cardiotoxicity

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer

Renal impairment

Question 27

What is the primary mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of thymidylate synthase

Answer

Inhibition of DNA polymerase

Answer

Induction of DNA strand breaks

Answer

Interference with microtubule formation

Question 28

Which breast cancer subtype is characterized by the presence of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Luminal A

Answer

Basal-like

Answer

HER2-enriched

Answer

Triple-negative

Question 29

What is the primary target of Tamoxifen in breast cancer therapy?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen receptor

Answer

HER2 receptor

Answer

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Answer

Progesterone receptor

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect specific to immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Cytokine release syndrome

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Myelosuppression

Answer

Hair loss

Question 31

What is the primary goal of palliative care for cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

Manage symptoms and improve quality of life

Answer

Maximize treatment efficacy

Answer

Eradicate the cancer

Answer

Extend lifespan at all costs