Introduction to Pharmacotherapy: Master Drug Therapy Principles

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a key principle underlying pharmacotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Drug action

Answer

Drug-receptor interactions

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

What is the term for the movement of drugs into and out of the body, encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacology

Answer

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 3

Identify the types of drug-receptor interactions that can activate receptors:

Accepted Answer

Agonists

Accepted Answer

Partial agonists

Answer

Competitive antagonists

Answer

Non-competitive antagonists

Question 4

In adults, which drug class is the primary treatment for essential hypertension?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Statins

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

NSAIDs

Question 5

Which of the following medication combinations is known to potentially cause a dangerous interaction?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin and aspirin

Answer

Paracetamol and ibuprofen

Answer

Metformin and simvastatin

Question 6

What is the process by which a drug binds to a receptor and elicits a physiological response called?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 7

What does the area under the curve (AUC) represent?

Accepted Answer

Drug concentration in plasma over time

Answer

Drug distribution in the body

Answer

Rate of drug clearance

Answer

Drug half-life

Question 8

Which route of drug administration is the most commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Rectal

Question 9

What primarily determines the onset of action of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Route of administration

Answer

Drug solubility

Answer

Bioavailability of the drug

Answer

Age of the patient

Question 10

Which enzyme system plays a major role in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Glucuronyltransferases

Answer

Sulfotransferases

Answer

Epoxide hydrolases

Question 11

What does the therapeutic index of a drug represent?

Accepted Answer

Ratio of the therapeutic dose to the toxic dose

Answer

Ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose

Answer

Difference between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose

Answer

Dose required to achieve a 50% response

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse drug reaction (ADR)?

Accepted Answer

Euphoria

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Question 13

In pharmacotherapy, which practice demonstrates a core ethical principle?

Accepted Answer

Getting a patient's informed consent before giving medication

Answer

Choosing medications based only on their affordability

Answer

Refusing to prescribe potentially helpful treatments due to personal beliefs

Answer

Stopping a patient's medication schedule without their knowledge

Question 14

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Block angiotensin I receptors

Answer

Activate vasodilatory prostaglandins

Answer

Inhibit norepinephrine reuptake

Question 15

Which of the following antidepressants is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine

Answer

Amitriptyline

Answer

Buspirone

Answer

Lithium

Question 16

What is the primary route of elimination for most drugs in adults?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion

Answer

Hepatic metabolism

Answer

Pulmonary excretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Question 17

What is the term for the non-covalent binding of a drug to a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Affinity

Answer

Efficacy

Answer

Potency

Answer

Selectivity

Question 18

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of opioids?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Insomnia

Question 19

What does the therapeutic index of a drug represent?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the maximum tolerated dose

Answer

The concentration of the drug in the blood at which the desired therapeutic effect is achieved

Answer

The time it takes for the drug to be eliminated from the body

Answer

The dose of the drug that produces a 50% reduction in symptoms

Question 20

What is a fundamental principle of evidence-based pharmacotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Using the best available scientific evidence to guide drug therapy decisions

Answer

Relying solely on a clinician's experience

Answer

Following the latest drug trends

Answer

Using patient preferences as the primary guide

Question 21

A patient with hypertension is prescribed a drug that acts as a competitive antagonist at β-adrenergic receptors. Which of the following effects is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate

Answer

Increased blood pressure

Answer

Increased renin secretion

Answer

Constriction of bronchioles

Question 22

Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters is most significantly affected by a patient's hepatic function?

Accepted Answer

First-pass metabolism

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Excretion

Question 23

A drug with a high volume of distribution is likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Extensive tissue binding

Answer

High plasma protein binding

Answer

Rapid elimination rate

Question 24

The therapeutic index of a drug refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Ratio between the toxic dose and the effective dose

Answer

Time taken to reach peak plasma concentration

Answer

Maximum effect achievable with the drug

Question 25

Which route of drug administration is most likely to result in the first-pass effect?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 26

A drug that induces the cytochrome P450 enzyme system will likely:

Accepted Answer

Decrease the plasma concentration of co-administered drugs metabolized by the same enzyme

Answer

Decrease the excretion of co-administered drugs

Answer

Increase the absorption of co-administered drugs

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

Genotyping for HLA-B*15:02 allele before carbamazepine prescription

Answer

Adjusting drug dosages based on body weight

Answer

Monitoring serum creatinine levels during gentamicin therapy

Question 28

A patient with renal impairment is prescribed a drug primarily excreted by the kidneys. What adjustment to the dosing regimen is most likely required?

Accepted Answer

Decrease the dose

Answer

No change in dose

Answer

Increase the dose

Answer

Administer the drug more frequently

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the concept of drug tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Decreased response to a drug after repeated administration

Answer

Unpredictable response to a drug

Answer

Increased sensitivity to a drug after a single dose

Question 30

The term 'bioavailability' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Maximum plasma concentration achieved after drug administration

Answer

Time taken for the drug concentration to decrease by half