Cell Structure and Function Quizzes - Master the Basics of Cell Biology

Question 1

Which characteristic is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 2

The process by which cells divide into two genetically identical daughter cells is termed:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 3

Which function is associated with the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate modification

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Question 4

The building block of DNA is the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleoside

Question 5

Active transport is a process that utilizes energy to move substances:

Accepted Answer

Against a concentration gradient

Answer

Down a concentration gradient

Answer

Through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer

Without the need for energy

Question 6

Which type of cell signaling occurs through direct contact between cells?

Accepted Answer

Juxtacrine signaling

Answer

Paracrine signaling

Answer

Endocrine signaling

Answer

Autocrine signaling

Question 7

The concept that proposes the origin of eukaryotic cells through a symbiotic relationship is known as:

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory

Answer

The primordial soup theory

Answer

The panspermia theory

Answer

The Lamarckian theory

Question 8

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and transport

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Mitochondrial function

Answer

Cell division

Question 9

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Produces proteins

Answer

Controls cell division

Question 10

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Have a cell wall

Answer

Have a nucleus

Answer

Have organelles

Answer

Have a cytoskeleton

Question 11

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins

Answer

Produces ribosomes

Answer

Synthesizes lipids

Answer

Controls cell division

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stores genetic material

Answer

Regulates the exchange of substances across the membrane

Answer

Protects the cell from its surroundings

Answer

Facilitates cell communication

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins

Answer

Generates ATP

Answer

Breaks down cellular waste

Answer

Synthesizes lipids

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell's genetic information

Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Answer

Responsible for ATP production

Answer

Contains the Golgi apparatus

Question 16

Within eukaryotic cells, the nucleus primarily serves which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Preserves genetic material and regulates gene expression

Answer

Site of energy production through cellular respiration

Answer

Packages and releases proteins and other cellular materials

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 18

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To generate energy

Question 19

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support and facilitate cell movement

Answer

To regulate cell division

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To generate energy

Question 21

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package proteins

Answer

To generate energy through cellular respiration

Answer

To synthesize lipids and carbohydrates

Answer

To detoxify cellular waste products

Question 22

Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Organelle

Question 23

Which component is NOT a part of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Chromosomes

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Question 24

The primary component of the cell membrane is:

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 25

Where does protein synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 26

Which cellular compartment contains organelles, cytosol, and cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Organelles

Answer

Cytosol

Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 27

Where does the final stage of protein modification and sorting occur?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 28

Which cellular division process produces two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Circular DNA organization

Answer

Absence of cytoplasm

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 30

The site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleus

Question 31

Which of the following organelles is responsible for cellular respiration, producing energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 32

The fluid-filled space inside eukaryotic cells that contains organelles is called the:

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Vacuole

Question 33

Which type of cell has a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic

Answer

Plant

Answer

Animal

Answer

Prokaryotic

Question 34

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates substance movement

Answer

Contains ribosomes

Answer

Supports cell shape

Answer

Stores genetic material

Question 35

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

What is the principal function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome synthesis and assembly

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 37

Which type of cell junction allows for direct cell-to-cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Answer

Desmosomes

Answer

Tight junctions

Answer

Adherens junctions

Question 38

Which of the following is not a hallmark of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a nucleus

Answer

Linear DNA

Answer

Larger cell size compared to prokaryotic cells

Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 39

What is a key function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and facilitates movement and shape changes

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Question 40

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 41

Which process relies on ATP to drive the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Passive transport

Question 42

A researcher wants to investigate the structure and function of lysosomes. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Light microscopy

Question 43

Where does glycolysis, the process of glucose breakdown, primarily occur within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus