Master DNA Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

What type of chemical bonding maintains the two DNA strands together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Question 2

What is the role of transcription factors in controlling gene expression?

Accepted Answer

To bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene transcription

Answer

To translate mRNA into proteins

Answer

To replicate DNA

Answer

To repair DNA damage

Question 3

DNA replication involves the process of:

Accepted Answer

Semi-conservative replication

Answer

Conservative replication

Answer

Dispersive replication

Answer

Reverse replication

Question 4

The genetic code is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Codons

Answer

Anticodons

Answer

Exons

Answer

Introns

Question 5

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, which process occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA into RNA

Answer

Translation of RNA into protein

Answer

Replication of DNA

Answer

Transcription of RNA into DNA

Question 6

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine.

Answer

A single helix with complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine.

Answer

A triple helix with complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine, and uracil.

Answer

A quadruple helix with no base pairing.

Question 7

Which component is not present in a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Adenine

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose sugar

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Question 9

The double helix structure of DNA is stabilized primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between base pairs

Answer

Covalent bonds between sugar-phosphate backbones

Answer

Ionic bonds between phosphate groups

Answer

Van der Waals forces between nitrogenous bases

Question 10

Which of the following base pairs forms three hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine-Cytosine

Answer

Adenine-Thymine

Answer

Adenine-Cytosine

Answer

Guanine-Thymine

Question 11

The process of copying DNA into RNA is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 12

The technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size is called:

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 13

The human genome project was primarily concerned with:

Accepted Answer

Sequencing the entire human genome

Answer

Developing new gene editing techniques

Answer

Creating genetically modified organisms

Answer

Studying the evolution of humans

Question 14

What is the base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

Answer

A pairs with G and C pairs with T

Answer

T pairs with A and G pairs with C

Answer

C pairs with T and A pairs with G

Question 15

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Polynucleotide chain

Answer

Watson-Crick model

Answer

Genetic code

Question 16

In DNA replication, which step occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding

Answer

Base pairing

Answer

Joining

Answer

Proofreading

Question 17

What enzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Question 18

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

RNA → DNA → Protein

Answer

Protein → RNA → DNA

Answer

DNA → Protein → RNA

Question 19

What type of chemical bonds connect the base pairs in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 20

To whom is credit given for discovering DNA's double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Francis Crick and James Watson

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 21

What is the primary function of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Dictating the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Answer

Controlling the transcription of genes

Answer

Regulating DNA replication

Answer

Repairing damaged DNA

Question 22

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the assembly of nucleotides into a new DNA strand

Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Answer

Stabilizing the DNA double helix

Answer

Degrading RNA molecules

Question 23

In which direction is the genetic code read?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Answer

3' to 5'

Answer

Both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'

Answer

Neither 5' to 3' nor 3' to 5'

Question 24

What type of bonds stabilize the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 25

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Telophase

Question 26

Which technique is commonly used to amplify DNA samples?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Question 27

What structures protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Telomeres

Answer

Centromeres

Answer

Okazaki fragments

Answer

Histones

Question 28

Which of the following is a non-coding region of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Intron

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Exon

Answer

Coding sequence

Question 29

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Uracil

Answer

Guanine

Question 30

The structure of DNA is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A double helix with two antiparallel strands

Answer

A triple helix

Answer

A circular structure

Answer

A single strand

Question 31

Which nitrogenous base is NOT present in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 32

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

Accepted Answer

Three

Answer

Two

Answer

Four

Answer

Five

Question 33

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 34

What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To deliver specific amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codons

Answer

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Answer

To proofread the genetic code for errors during translation

Answer

To synthesize new DNA strands during replication

Question 35

Which type of mutation involves the loss of a single nucleotide from a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Inversion

Answer

Substitution

Question 36

The process of copying DNA into RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Translation

Question 37

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize proteins based on the mRNA sequence

Answer

To store genetic information in the form of DNA

Answer

To regulate gene expression by controlling transcription

Answer

To synthesize DNA during replication

Question 38

What is the key difference between a codon and an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA, while an anticodon is a complementary three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA.

Answer

A codon is a sequence of two nucleotides in mRNA, while an anticodon is a sequence of two nucleotides in tRNA.