Data Structures and Algorithms: Master the Fundamentals of Computer Science

Question 1

Which data structure is best suited for implementing a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) behavior?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Tree

Question 2

Identify the type of data structure: Graph

Accepted Answer

Non-linear

Answer

Linear

Question 3

Which of the following data structures does NOT exhibit a linear arrangement of elements?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

LinkedList

Answer

Queue

Question 4

Which data structure is best suited for organizing data in a hierarchical structure?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

List

Answer

Graph

Question 5

Which data structure is optimized for swiftly retrieving the element with the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Heap

Answer

Hash table

Answer

Queue

Answer

Stack

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data structure covered in the Data Structures and Algorithms unit?

Accepted Answer

Database

Answer

Arrays

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Trees

Question 7

Which data structure enables efficient insertion and deletion of elements at any position within the structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Question 8

Which data structure follows the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle, where elements are added to the end (rear) and removed from the beginning (front)?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 9

For efficient insertion and deletion operations at the start of a list, which data structure is optimal?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Question 10

Which data structure is designed specifically for implementing a queue, ensuring elements are processed in a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Stack

Question 11

Which property is characteristic of a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Values in the left subtree are always less than or equal to values in the right subtree.

Answer

The root node always contains the largest value in the tree.

Answer

All nodes in the tree have exactly two child nodes.

Question 12

Which data structure adheres to the first-in, first-out (FIFO) principle in computer science?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 13

Which data structure is optimized for representing hierarchical relationships in computer science?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 14

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a linked list data structure?

Accepted Answer

Random access to elements

Answer

Dynamic memory allocation

Answer

Efficient insertion and deletion of elements

Question 15

Analyze the time complexity of the following algorithm:
for i = 1 to n
    for j = 1 to i
        print(i * j)
What is the time complexity of this algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n log n)

Answer

O(log n)

Question 16

Which data structure follows the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle, where elements are added at the end and removed from the beginning?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Stack

Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Binary Search Tree

Question 17

To manage a bank's customer service queue efficiently, which data structure should be used to ensure customers are served in the order they arrive (FIFO)?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 18

Which data structure enables efficient insertion and removal of elements at any position?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Question 19

Which operation is not inherently supported by a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Finding the range of values in the tree

Answer

Searching for an element

Answer

Inserting a new element

Answer

Deleting an existing element

Question 20

Which data structure follows the FIFO (first-in-first-out) principle, where the first element added is the first to be removed?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Answer

Graph

Question 21

Which sorting algorithm utilizes the divide-and-conquer technique, achieving an average time complexity of O(n log n)?

Accepted Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Selection Sort

Answer

Insertion Sort

Answer

Bubble Sort

Question 22

In a large, sorted dataset, which search algorithm provides the most efficient time complexity for locating a specific element?

Accepted Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Answer

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question 23

In a stack data structure, which operation removes and returns the element at the top?

Accepted Answer

Pop

Answer

Peek

Answer

Push

Answer

Enqueue

Question 24

Which operation is NOT supported in a stack data structure?

Accepted Answer

Remove from Middle: Removing an element from the middle of the stack

Answer

Push: Adding an element to the top of the stack

Answer

Peek: Accessing the top element without removing it

Answer

Pop: Removing the top element and retrieving its value

Question 25

In computer science, which systematic approaches are used to traverse all nodes and edges of a graph data structure?

Accepted Answer

Breadth-First Search

Accepted Answer

Depth-First Search

Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Insertion Sort

Question 26

You need to store a sequence of tasks that should be executed in the order they were added. Which data structure is the most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 27

An unsorted array of integers of size 'n' is given. What is the worst-case time complexity of a linear search algorithm used to find a specific element in this array?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 28

For a scenario requiring frequent insertion and deletion of elements at the beginning of a collection, which data structure offers the highest efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Question 29

In a sorted array of n elements, what is the worst-case time complexity of a binary search to find a specific element?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 30

In a graph traversal algorithm that employs the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle, which data structure is the most appropriate for performing a depth-first search (DFS)?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

List

Answer

Array

Question 31

What is a potential **drawback** of using a queue data structure?

Accepted Answer

Risk of data loss due to limited capacity

Answer

Straightforward and efficient FIFO operations

Answer

Adaptability in handling diverse data types

Question 32

For managing word frequencies in a large text document, which data structure provides the most efficient approach?

Accepted Answer

Hash Table / Map

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 33

Which data structure follows the 'first-in-first-out' (FIFO) principle?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 34

Which data structure is designed to store and retrieve elements in a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) manner, prioritizing space efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Queue

Question 35

For a large dataset, which data structure is more efficient for searching a specific element: a singly linked list or a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

Singly linked list

Question 36

To determine if two binary search trees, `bst1` and `bst2`, are structurally identical, which approach should be used?

Accepted Answer

Recursively traverse both trees simultaneously, comparing data values and structure at each node.

Answer

Convert both trees to arrays and compare the arrays for equality.

Answer

Check if both trees have the same number of nodes and the same height.

Question 37

For efficiently storing a collection of unique elements, allowing for quick lookup and deletion, which data structure is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 38

How does the selection of a data structure affect an algorithm's performance? Provide a specific example to illustrate your explanation.

Accepted Answer

The choice of data structure can influence the time complexity of an algorithm by altering the number of operations needed to complete a task.

Answer

The choice of data structure has no bearing on the efficiency of an algorithm.

Answer

Using a data structure with a lower time complexity will always result in a faster algorithm.

Question 39

Which data structure is ideal for storing a collection of elements and providing efficient random access to any element within the structure?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Question 40

Which data structure allows for efficient insertion and deletion of elements at any position within the structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 41

Which searching algorithm is most efficient for finding an element in a sorted array of size n?

Accepted Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Jump Search

Question 42

What is the time complexity of a binary search on a sorted array of size n?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 43

Which of the following tree traversal methods visits the root node first?

Accepted Answer

Preorder

Answer

Inorder

Answer

Postorder

Answer

Level-order

Question 44

Which data structure is best suited for representing hierarchical data?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Queue

Question 45

Which algorithm can find the shortest path between two nodes in a weighted graph?

Accepted Answer

Dijkstra's algorithm

Answer

Breadth-first search

Answer

Depth-first search

Answer

Floyd-Warshall algorithm

Question 46

What is the recurrence relation for the Fibonacci sequence?

Accepted Answer

F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)

Answer

F(n) = n * F(n-1)

Answer

F(n) = 2^n

Answer

F(n) = n^2

Question 47

Which of the following is not a time complexity notation?

Accepted Answer

f(x)

Answer

O()

Answer

Θ()

Answer

Ω()

Question 48

What is the worst-case time complexity of sorting a linked list using the bubble sort algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Question 49

Which data structure is best suited for representing hierarchical relationships?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Answer

List

Question 50

For a depth-first search (DFS) on a graph, which data structure is best suited to follow the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Answer

Tree

Question 51

Which data structure is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) linear collection of elements?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 52

What is the time complexity of searching an element in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 53

Which traversal technique in a binary tree visits the root node last?

Accepted Answer

Postorder

Answer

Preorder

Answer

Inorder

Answer

Level-order

Question 54

What is the purpose of a hash function in a hash table?

Accepted Answer

To determine the location of data

Answer

To store the data

Answer

To generate unique keys for data

Answer

To sort the data

Question 55

Which sorting algorithm is based on repeatedly dividing the unsorted portion of the list into two sublists?

Accepted Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Quick sort

Answer

Selection sort

Answer

Bubble sort

Question 56

What is the Big O notation for the following algorithm: for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) { console.log(i, j); } }

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n log n)

Question 57

Which data structure is most appropriate for storing a collection of unique keys?

Accepted Answer

Set

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Map

Question 58

What is the worst-case time complexity of inserting an element into an unsorted singly linked list?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 59

An unsorted array of integers of size 'n' is given. What is the worst-case time complexity of a linear search algorithm used to find a specific element in this array?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 60

Which operation is NOT inherently supported by a binary search tree (BST) data structure?

Accepted Answer

Sorting an input list

Answer

Searching

Answer

Inserting

Answer

Deleting

Question 61

You need to store a collection of elements and frequently insert and delete elements at the start of the collection. Which data structure would be the most efficient for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data structure in computer science?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Hash Table

Question 63

Which search algorithm boasts the best time complexity for locating an element within a vast, sorted dataset?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Bubble sort

Question 64

What is the average time complexity of merge sort and quick sort algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Merge sort: O(n log n), Quick sort: O(n log n)

Answer

Merge sort: O(n), Quick sort: O(n^2)

Answer

Merge sort: O(n^2), Quick sort: O(n)

Answer

Merge sort: O(1), Quick sort: O(1)