Master Quantitative Methods in Geography: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of parametric statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

They make assumptions about the underlying distribution of the population from which the sample was drawn.

Answer

They are more robust to violations of their assumptions than non-parametric tests.

Answer

They are appropriate for use with non-normal data.

Answer

They require the sample size to be very large.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of regression analysis in geography?

Accepted Answer

To identify and model relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

Answer

To test the statistical significance of differences between groups or categories.

Answer

To describe the distribution of a variable.

Answer

To predict the value of a variable based on known values of other variables.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a spatial autocorrelation measure?

Accepted Answer

Moran's I

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Student's t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 4

What is the key difference between a z-score and a t-score?

Accepted Answer

A z-score assumes a known population standard deviation, while a t-score assumes an unknown population standard deviation.

Answer

A t-score is used for categorical data, while a z-score is used for continuous data.

Answer

A z-score is more robust to violations of normality than a t-score.

Answer

They are the same statistic, just calculated differently.

Question 5

What is the primary use of a scatterplot in quantitative geography?

Accepted Answer

To visualize and explore the relationship between two variables.

Answer

To test the statistical significance of a relationship between two variables.

Answer

To predict the value of one variable based on the value of another.

Answer

To determine the distribution of two variables.

Question 6

Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Linear regression

Answer

T-test

Question 7

What is the key distinction between a mean and a median?

Accepted Answer

The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values, while the median is the middle value when assorted in ascending or descending order.

Answer

The median is the sum of all values divided by the number of values, while the mean is the middle value when assorted in ascending or descending order.

Answer

The mean is more sensitive to outliers than the median.

Answer

The median is more sensitive to outliers than the mean.

Question 8

What is the main goal of hypothesis testing in geography?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether there is a statistically significant difference or relationship between variables.

Answer

To describe the characteristics of a population.

Answer

To predict future outcomes based on past data.

Answer

To identify the causes of geographic phenomena.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency that describes the 'typical' value of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of predictive modeling technique?

Accepted Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Linear regression

Answer

Decision tree

Answer

Time series analysis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 12

A researcher wants to determine the relationship between two variables using a statistical test. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate if the variables are ordinal and independent?

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Student's t-test

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of a scatterplot?

Accepted Answer

To visualize the relationship between two variables

Answer

To test the significance of a difference between two groups

Answer

To calculate the mean of a dataset

Question 14

What is the concept of Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of probability sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Answer

Snowball sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 16

What is the ultimate goal of hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis

Answer

To prove that the null hypothesis is true

Answer

To estimate the population mean

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Question 18

Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rank correlation

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

t-test

Answer

Linear regression

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of a scatterplot?

Accepted Answer

To visualize the relationship between two variables

Answer

To determine the mean of a distribution

Answer

To calculate the standard deviation

Question 20

Which of the following is a type of probability sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Answer

Regression

Answer

Correlation

Question 21

Which of the following is a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 22

What is the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis that there is no significant difference or relationship.

Answer

The hypothesis that the data is normally distributed.

Answer

The hypothesis that there is a significant difference or relationship.

Question 23

Which of the following is a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Interview

Answer

Survey

Answer

Experiment

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of a research design?

Accepted Answer

To provide a blueprint for conducting a research study.

Answer

To analyze data

Answer

To collect data