Musculoskeletal System: Structure, Function, and Biomechanics

Question 1

Which type of muscle contraction results in the shortening of the muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 3

Which type of joint allows for the widest range of movement, including rotations?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 4

Which of the following is a major muscle group located in the lower extremity?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Trapezius

Answer

Deltoid

Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 5

What is the name of the connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Ligament

Answer

Fascia

Answer

Cartilage

Question 6

What is the primary function of fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Rapid, powerful contractions

Answer

Sustained, endurance activities

Answer

Stability and posture

Answer

Fine motor control

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Adequate calcium intake

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Female sex

Answer

Smoking

Question 8

The primary function of tendons is to:

Accepted Answer

Connect muscles to bones, enabling movement

Answer

Produce muscle contractions

Answer

Store energy for muscle movement

Answer

Lubricate joints to reduce friction

Question 9

Which of the following is the most abundant protein in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Myosin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Keratin

Question 10

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction involves the interaction between which proteins?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin

Answer

Troponin and tropomyosin

Answer

Calcium and ATP

Answer

Tubulin and dynein

Question 11

The force produced by a muscle is directly proportional to its:

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional area

Answer

Length

Answer

Contraction velocity

Answer

Innervation density

Question 12

The primary function of the Golgi tendon organ is to:

Accepted Answer

Detect changes in muscle length and tension

Answer

Control muscle force output directly

Answer

Initiate muscle contraction

Answer

Sense pain and discomfort

Question 13

The resting membrane potential of a skeletal muscle fiber is approximately:

Accepted Answer

-70 millivolts (mV)

Answer

-90 millivolts (mV)

Answer

-110 millivolts (mV)

Answer

-130 millivolts (mV)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones

Answer

Producing movement

Answer

Maintaining posture

Answer

Generating heat

Question 15

Which of the following is the muscle responsible for extending the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Vastus lateralis

Answer

Sartorius

Question 16

The joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the pelvis is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Hip joint

Answer

Knee joint

Answer

Ankle joint

Answer

Shoulder joint

Question 17

The type of bone that has a hard, dense outer layer and a porous inner structure is called:

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Spongy bone

Answer

Cancellous bone

Answer

Trabecular bone

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a lubricant present in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Synovial fluid

Answer

Hyaluronic acid

Answer

Proteoglycans

Question 19

The principle that states that the force applied to an object is inversely proportional to the distance from the fulcrum is called the:

Accepted Answer

Moment arm principle

Answer

Leverage principle

Answer

Fulcrum principle

Answer

Torque principle

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a lever class found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 21

The type of muscle fiber that is more suited for anaerobic activities is called:

Accepted Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type III

Question 22

The hormone that promotes bone growth and mineralization is:

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen