Gene Expression: A Comprehensive Guide for MBBS Students

Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, RNA splicing, translation

Answer

Transcription, translation, RNA splicing

Answer

RNA splicing, transcription, translation

Answer

Translation, RNA splicing, transcription

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription take place?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 4

What is the primary function of a promoter in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

To bind transcription factors and initiate transcription

Answer

To terminate transcription

Answer

To splice RNA transcripts

Answer

To translate mRNA into proteins

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA polymerase involved in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase V

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of translation?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Answer

To splice RNA transcripts

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Question 7

Where do ribosomes bind to mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

The start codon

Answer

The 5' cap

Answer

The 3' poly(A) tail

Answer

The stop codon

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common type of post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Ubiquitination

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Initiation

Answer

Elongation

Answer

Termination

Question 10

Which event initiates transcription in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Binding of RNA polymerase II to the promoter region

Answer

Splicing of the primary RNA transcript

Answer

Capping of the RNA transcript

Answer

Polyadenylation of the RNA transcript

Question 11

What is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to mRNA known as?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Reverse transcription

Question 12

Which sequence correctly represents the steps involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation, post-translational modifications

Answer

Translation, transcription, post-translational modifications

Answer

Post-translational modifications, transcription, translation

Answer

Transcription, post-translational modifications, translation

Question 13

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation during translation?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 15

What is the fundamental structural unit of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosome

Answer

Histone

Answer

Chromatin fiber

Answer

Heterochromatin

Question 16

What is the term for the region of a gene that encodes a specific protein?

Accepted Answer

Exon

Answer

Intron

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Terminator

Question 17

Which step is NOT directly involved in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Regulation

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key step in the transcription process?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Initiation

Answer

Elongation

Answer

Termination

Question 19

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Question 20

Which modification is typically NOT found on eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

5' cap

Answer

Polyadenylation

Answer

Splicing

Question 21

What is the name of the enzyme that links amino acids together during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 22

What process allows for the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing

Answer

Gene duplication

Answer

Nonsense-mediated decay

Answer

MicroRNA interference

Question 23

Which of the following RNA polymerases is NOT found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase V

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 24

What is the term for the DNA segment that contains the instructions for making a protein or RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Exon

Answer

Intron

Answer

Promoter

Question 25

Which type of RNA molecule plays a role in gene regulation by targeting specific mRNA transcripts?

Accepted Answer

MicroRNA

Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Answer

Small nuclear RNA

Answer

Transfer RNA

Question 26

What is the process by which ribosomes read mRNA and synthesize a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Recombination