Metabolic Disorders: Online Quizzes for Medical Students

Question 1

What is a defining characteristic of inborn errors of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They are caused by a deficiency in a specific enzyme

Answer

They typically manifest in adulthood

Answer

They are acquired through environmental factors

Question 2

Which metabolic pathway is primarily affected in obesity?

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Lipolysis

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of inborn error of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Alkaptonuria

Answer

Phenylketonuria

Answer

Fabry disease

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 5

Which enzyme deficiency is the biochemical basis of alkaptonuria?

Accepted Answer

Homogentisic acid oxidase

Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer

Glucocerebrosidase

Answer

Lysosomal acid lipase

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic finding in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria?

Accepted Answer

Phenylpyruvic acid

Answer

Ketones

Answer

Homogentisic acid

Answer

Glucose

Question 7

The standard treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin therapy

Answer

Oral hypoglycemic agents

Answer

Diet and exercise

Answer

Gastric bypass surgery

Question 8

Which metabolic pathway is commonly affected in mitochondrial disorders?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 9

The primary biochemical defect in phenylketonuria is a deficiency of which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Answer

Dopamine hydroxylase

Answer

Serotonin hydroxylase

Question 10

Which of the following is not typically used as a treatment for metabolic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Enzyme replacement therapy

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 11

ATP primarily serves which function in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Energy currency

Answer

Coenzyme

Answer

Substrate

Answer

Enzyme

Question 12

How are substrates and products related in a metabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Substrates are consumed to form products

Answer

Products are consumed to form substrates

Answer

Substrates and products are identical

Answer

Substrates and products have different molecular weights

Question 13

Inborn errors of metabolism are most frequently linked to which genetic inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked

Question 14

In the management and prevention of metabolic disorders, which aspect of genetic counseling is most essential?

Accepted Answer

Providing information on inheritance patterns

Answer

Offering emotional support to affected individuals

Answer

Prescribing medications to treat metabolic disorders

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is typical of inborn errors of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Single-gene defect leading to a specific enzymatic deficiency

Answer

Acquired condition resulting from environmental factors

Answer

Progressive symptoms throughout life

Answer

Late onset, typically after adolescence

Question 16

The main defect in diabetes mellitus type 1 is:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Answer

Defective insulin signaling pathway

Answer

Impaired glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue

Answer

Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues

Question 17

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for obesity?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged physical inactivity (sedentary lifestyle)

Answer

Deficiency of vitamin D

Answer

Early onset of puberty

Answer

Elevated blood pressure (hypertension)

Question 18

Which metabolic disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Galactosemia

Question 19

Which disorder is characterized by accelerated breakdown of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cachexia

Answer

Kwashiorkor

Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Marasmus

Question 20

The main biochemical abnormality observed in Wilson's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Excessive accumulation of copper in the body

Answer

Deficiency of iron

Answer

Deficiency of zinc

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inborn errors of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acquired later in life

Answer

Present at birth or shortly after

Answer

Caused by genetic mutations

Answer

Can affect various organ systems

Question 22

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 23

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing obesity?

Accepted Answer

Sedentary lifestyle

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Female gender

Question 24

Which enzyme deficiency is directly responsible for phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Answer

Glucokinase

Answer

Hexokinase

Question 25

What is the primary role of the liver in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of glucose storage and release

Answer

Lipogenesis and lipolysis

Answer

Protein synthesis and degradation

Answer

Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of poorly controlled diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 27

What is the main mechanism of action of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Reduces hepatic glucose production

Answer

Reduces intestinal glucose absorption

Answer

Stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion

Answer

Increases muscle glucose uptake

Question 28

Which type of body fat is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Visceral fat

Answer

Brown fat

Answer

Subcutaneous fat

Answer

Beige fat

Question 29

What is the primary biochemical abnormality that defines gout?

Accepted Answer

Elevated uric acid levels in the blood

Answer

Elevated creatinine levels

Answer

Elevated glucose levels

Answer

Elevated cholesterol levels