ENT Examination: Comprehensive Guide for Medical Students

Question 1

Which component is NOT part of the external ear?

Accepted Answer

Eustachian tube

Answer

Pinna

Answer

External auditory meatus

Answer

Tympanic membrane

Question 2

Which rhinoscopy finding suggests sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Thick, purulent nasal discharge

Answer

Nasal polyps

Answer

Swollen turbinates

Answer

Deviation of the nasal septum

Question 3

Which instrument is used to examine the nasopharynx?

Accepted Answer

Rhinoscope

Answer

Endoscope

Answer

Nasal speculum

Answer

Laryngoscope

Question 4

Which rhinoscopy finding suggests allergic rhinitis?

Accepted Answer

Pale, boggy nasal mucosa

Answer

Swollen turbinates

Answer

Nasal polyposis

Answer

Purulent nasal discharge

Question 5

During otoscopy of the tympanic membrane, which of the following is considered a normal finding?

Accepted Answer

Yellowish-orange color with a translucent appearance and visible bony landmarks

Answer

Retraction of the membrane, obscuring the bony landmarks

Answer

Formation of blisters or bubbles on the surface of the membrane

Answer

Blood accumulation within the membrane

Question 6

For performing a nasal examination, which instrument is primarily used?

Accepted Answer

Rhinoscope, specifically designed for examining the nasal cavity

Answer

Otoscope, designed for examining the ears

Answer

Laryngoscope, used for examining the larynx and vocal cords

Answer

Endoscope, a versatile instrument used for examining various body cavities

Question 7

During an ENT examination, which of the following observations is considered a red flag sign?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral facial palsy, indicating a potential nerve injury or underlying neurological condition

Answer

Bilateral facial palsy, which is typically not a concerning finding

Answer

Mild hearing loss, often a temporary and non-significant condition

Answer

Hypernasality, characterized by excessive nasal resonance during speech

Question 8

When performing a Valsalva maneuver, which step should NOT be included?

Accepted Answer

Inflating the cheeks by trapping air inside the oral cavity

Answer

Closing the mouth to create a sealed cavity

Answer

Pinching the nose to prevent airflow through the nostrils

Answer

Bearing down, generating pressure by contracting abdominal muscles

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Eustachian tube dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

All of the above, as these symptoms commonly occur together

Answer

Ear pain, resulting from pressure imbalances in the middle ear

Answer

Tinnitus, a perceived ringing or buzzing sound in the ears

Answer

Feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, due to impaired air exchange

Question 10

Which of the following is a contraindication to nasal endoscopy, a procedure used to visualize the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

All of the above, as these conditions pose safety concerns or hinder the effectiveness of the endoscopy

Answer

Recent nasal surgery, which may increase the risk of complications

Answer

Uncontrolled epistaxis, active nosebleeds that could obstruct visualization and interfere with the procedure

Answer

Severe nasal septum deviation, a structural abnormality that could make it difficult to insert the endoscope

Question 11

During laryngoscopy, the primary purpose of using a tongue depressor is to:

Accepted Answer

Both A and B, as these are the main objectives of using a tongue depressor in laryngoscopy

Answer

Visualize the epiglottis, a small flap of tissue that covers the larynx during swallowing

Answer

Depress the tongue, moving it out of the way to provide a clear view of the larynx

Answer

Prevent gagging, reducing the risk of stimulating the gag reflex and causing discomfort

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a part of the external ear?

Accepted Answer

Cochlea

Answer

Auricle

Answer

External auditory canal

Answer

Tympanic membrane

Question 13

Which of the following instruments is used to examine the external auditory canal?

Accepted Answer

Otoscope

Answer

Rhinoscope

Answer

Laryngoscope

Answer

Audiometer

Question 14

What is the correct position for anterior rhinoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Patient sitting upright with head slightly tilted back

Answer

Patient lying supine with head extended

Answer

Patient standing with head flexed forward

Answer

Patient seated with head turned to the side

Question 15

Which of the following structures is NOT visible during anterior rhinoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Vocal cords

Answer

Inferior turbinate

Answer

Nasal septum

Answer

Pharynx

Question 16

What is the purpose of using a tongue depressor during indirect laryngoscopy?

Accepted Answer

To depress the tongue and improve visualization

Answer

To prevent the patient from swallowing

Answer

To stimulate the gag reflex

Answer

To clear secretions from the oropharynx

Question 17

Which of the following findings on indirect laryngoscopy may indicate vocal cord palsy?

Accepted Answer

Immobile vocal cord

Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Cough

Question 18

What is the first step in performing a bimanual palpation of the neck?

Accepted Answer

Palpating the supraclavicular areas with both hands

Answer

Palpating the thyroid gland with the dominant hand

Answer

Palpating the carotid arteries with the non-dominant hand

Answer

Examining the lymph nodes with both hands

Question 19

During otoscopy, you observe a pearly white, opaque mass behind the tympanic membrane. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cholesteatoma

Answer

Otitis media with effusion

Answer

Cerumen impaction

Answer

Tympanosclerosis

Question 20

Which of the following maneuvers is used to visualize the vocal cords during indirect laryngoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Asking the patient to say 'eee'

Answer

Asking the patient to swallow

Answer

Asking the patient to cough

Answer

Asking the patient to sniff

Question 21

A patient presents with unilateral nasal obstruction and a foul odor. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Nasal polyp

Answer

Allergic rhinitis

Answer

Foreign body

Answer

Septal deviation

Question 22

When performing otoscopy on a child, what is the best way to straighten the ear canal?

Accepted Answer

Pulling the pinna up and back

Answer

Pulling the pinna forward

Answer

Pulling the pinna down and back

Question 23

During rhinoscopy, you observe a pale, glistening mass in the middle meatus. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nasal polyp

Answer

Acute sinusitis

Answer

Foreign body

Answer

Septal deviation

Question 24

Which of the following is a potential complication of tonsillectomy?

Accepted Answer

Postoperative bleeding

Answer

Hearing loss

Answer

Sinusitis

Answer

Nasal obstruction

Question 25

A patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and swollen tonsils. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute tonsillitis

Answer

Laryngitis

Answer

Pharyngitis

Answer

Epiglottitis

Question 26

What is the purpose of using a speculum during rhinoscopy?

Accepted Answer

To widen the nasal passage for visualization

Answer

To illuminate the nasal cavity

Answer

To suction out secretions

Answer

To apply topical medications

Question 27

Which of the following is a contraindication to performing an otoscopy?

Accepted Answer

Active ear infection

Answer

Otitis media with effusion

Answer

Tympanosclerosis

Answer

Cerumen impaction