Ophthalmic Examination: Enhance Your Clinical Skills

Question 1

The primary purpose of the near vision chart in an ophthalmic examination is to assess:

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity for near objects

Answer

Pupillary light reflexes

Answer

Accommodation and convergence

Answer

Peripheral visual field

Question 2

The normal pupillary response to a bright light source is:

Accepted Answer

Pupillary constriction

Answer

Pupillary dilation

Answer

No change in pupil size

Answer

Asymmetrical pupillary response

Question 3

Which of the following could be a sign of optic nerve damage?

Accepted Answer

Blind spots in the visual field

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Eye pain

Answer

Photophobia

Question 4

A contraindication for performing fundoscopy is:

Accepted Answer

High intraocular pressure

Answer

Uncooperative patient

Answer

Dilated pupils

Question 5

The most suitable ophthalmoscope for examining the peripheral retina is:

Accepted Answer

Indirect ophthalmoscope

Answer

Direct ophthalmoscope

Answer

Slit-lamp biomicroscope

Question 6

The most common cause of sudden, painless vision loss is:

Accepted Answer

Central retinal artery occlusion

Answer

Glaucoma

Answer

Vitreous haemorrhage

Question 7

The standard distance used for visual acuity assessment in an ophthalmic examination is:

Accepted Answer

20 feet (6 meters)

Answer

40 feet (12 meters)

Answer

60 feet (18 meters)

Question 8

Which instrument is used to measure intraocular pressure accurately?

Accepted Answer

Tonometer

Answer

Ophthalmoscope

Answer

Autorefractor

Answer

Retinoscope

Question 9

Pupillary constriction in response to direct light stimulation of the same eye is known as:

Accepted Answer

Direct light reflex

Answer

Consensual light reflex

Answer

Accommodation reflex

Answer

Near reflex

Question 10

Which of the following retinal vessels is wider in diameter?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

None of these

Question 11

Which condition is characterized by a yellow-white discoloration and opacity of the lens?

Accepted Answer

Cataract

Answer

Glaucoma

Answer

Macular degeneration

Answer

Pterygium

Question 12

What is the name of the test used to assess the extent of a patient's visual field?

Accepted Answer

Perimetry

Answer

Ophthalmoscopy

Answer

Tonometry

Answer

Autorefraction

Question 13

What is the recommended first-line treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Laser iridotomy

Answer

Topical pilocarpine

Answer

Oral acetazolamide

Answer

Surgical trabeculectomy

Question 14

In a clinical setting, what is the most common cause of sudden drooping of one eyelid (acute, unilateral ptosis)?

Accepted Answer

Third nerve palsy

Answer

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer

Horner's syndrome

Answer

Mechanical ptosis

Question 15

During an ophthalmic examination, which instrument is primarily employed to assess the cornea's structural integrity and identify any abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Keratometer

Answer

Retinoscope

Answer

Ophthalmoscope

Answer

Tonometer

Question 16

In an eye exam, what is the term for the lens's ability to adjust its shape, enabling clear vision at varying distances?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Answer

Pupillary reflex

Answer

Fundoscopy

Answer

Ocular motility

Question 17

What is the normal pupillary reaction to direct bright light in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

Pupillary constriction

Answer

Pupillary dilation

Answer

No pupillary change

Answer

Accommodation

Question 18

Which layer of the retina contains the photoreceptors responsible for colour perception?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptor layer

Answer

Retinal pigment epithelium

Answer

Inner nuclear layer

Answer

Ganglion cell layer

Question 19

Which instrument is used to assess a patient's visual fields?

Accepted Answer

Perimetry

Answer

Ophthalmoscope

Answer

Tonometer

Answer

Autorefraction

Question 20

Which pupil examination technique assesses how the pupil responds to changes in light intensity?

Accepted Answer

Swinging flashlight test

Answer

Near accommodation test

Answer

Pupillary dilation test

Answer

Fundoscopy

Question 21

What is the standard distance for administering visual acuity tests in meters?

Accepted Answer

6 meters

Answer

1 meter

Answer

3 meters

Answer

0.5 meters

Question 22

What is the normal pupillary reflex in response to light?

Accepted Answer

Pupils constrict (become smaller)

Answer

Pupils dilate (become larger)

Answer

Pupils remain the same size

Answer

Pupils oscillate

Question 23

Which of the following is an indicator of optic nerve damage?

Accepted Answer

Pale optic disc

Answer

Small optic disc

Answer

Enlarged optic disc

Answer

Red optic disc

Question 24

What is the name of the condition characterized by clouding of the eye's lens?

Accepted Answer

Cataract

Answer

Glaucoma

Answer

Macular degeneration

Question 25

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Elevated intraocular pressure

Answer

Macular degeneration

Answer

Conjunctivitis

Answer

Cataracts

Question 26

What is the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Accepted Answer

Topical antibiotic eye drops

Answer

Warm compresses

Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Over-the-counter eye drops