Genetics and Genomics: Ethical Issues in Healthcare

Question 1

Which ethical principle focuses on respecting an individual's ability to make decisions about their own healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 2

The Human Genome Project achieved its primary goal of:

Accepted Answer

Sequencing the vast majority of the human genome

Answer

Identifying the genetic basis of all diseases

Answer

Developing treatments for all genetic disorders

Answer

Eliminating genetic diseases from society

Question 3

Which of the following technologies allows scientists to precisely edit genes?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR-Cas9

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Sanger sequencing

Question 4

When using genetic information for insurance purposes, a key legal concern is:

Accepted Answer

Genetic discrimination

Answer

Patient consent

Answer

Privacy protection

Answer

Data security

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Creation of genetically modified children

Answer

Predictive diagnosis of inherited diseases

Answer

Personalized treatment based on genetic profile

Answer

Early intervention to prevent disease onset

Question 6

Who is primarily responsible for providing patients and families with information and support regarding genetic testing and its implications?

Accepted Answer

Genetic counselors

Answer

Physicians

Answer

Nurses

Answer

Social workers

Question 7

The Declaration of Helsinki serves as a cornerstone for ethical guidelines in:

Accepted Answer

Human subjects research

Answer

Data analysis

Answer

Genetic counseling

Answer

Clinical trials

Question 8

Which UK legal framework specifically addresses the use of human tissue, including genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Human Tissue Act 2004

Answer

Data Protection Act 2018

Answer

Mental Capacity Act 2005

Answer

Clinical Trials Regulation 2004

Question 9

In healthcare settings, the ethical principle that emphasizes patient autonomy and decision-making rights concerning their health, including genetic testing, is:

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered a potential advantage of genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Complete eradication of all genetic diseases

Answer

Early identification of genetic risks for preventive interventions

Answer

Tailoring treatment plans to individual genetic profiles

Answer

Cost-effective healthcare practices

Question 11

The Human Genome Project's primary objective was to:

Accepted Answer

Sequence the entire human genome

Answer

Identify genetic causes of diseases

Answer

Develop genetic therapies

Answer

Provide genetic counseling services

Question 12

Obtaining medical information without an individual's explicit consent is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Non-consensual genetic testing

Answer

Genetic profiling

Answer

Genetic surveillance

Answer

Diagnostic genetic testing

Question 13

Which UK organization regulates gene editing research?

Accepted Answer

Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA)

Answer

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Answer

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

Question 14

Which of the following ethical principles guides the responsible use of genetic information in healthcare, ensuring respect for individuals' rights and autonomy?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 15

What is the precise term for the process of directly modifying an organism's genetic makeup using advanced techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing

Answer

Genetic manipulation

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Transgenesis

Question 16

Which statement best captures the principle of patient autonomy in genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Patients have the inherent right to make informed decisions about their own genetic information

Answer

Patients should not be pressured or coerced into undergoing genetic testing

Answer

Genetic counsellors have the authority to make decisions on behalf of patients

Answer

Patients are ethically obligated to share their genetic information with relatives

Question 17

What is the term for the scientific field that explores the interplay between genetics and the environment, particularly in relation to human health and development?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

Genomics

Answer

Pharmacogenetics

Answer

Nutrigenetics

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Discriminatory use of genetic information

Answer

Providing patients with unnecessary health information

Answer

False positive or negative results

Question 19

What is the term for the deliberate modification of an organism's DNA using gene-editing techniques?

Accepted Answer

Genome editing

Answer

Molecular cloning

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using gene editing in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Developing new treatments for genetic diseases

Answer

Enhancing human abilities

Answer

Increasing crop yields

Answer

Creating new species of animals and plants

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of genomic sequencing?

Accepted Answer

To determine the sequence of nucleotide bases in an organism's DNA

Answer

To diagnose genetic disorders

Answer

To predict an individual's risk of developing certain diseases

Question 22

Which of the following is a potential application of genomic sequencing in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Personalized medicine

Answer

Archaeology

Answer

Forensic science

Answer

Agriculture

Question 23

What is the role of informed consent in the ethical use of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that individuals understand the implications of genetic testing or gene editing before making decisions

Answer

To protect the privacy of genetic information