DNA Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Medical Students

Question 1

Which component is NOT present in a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Question 2

DNA typically adopts what shape?

Accepted Answer

Right-handed double helix

Answer

Linear

Answer

Circular

Answer

Left-handed double helix

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 5

What is the primary function of telomeres in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Prevent chromosome shortening

Answer

Initiate DNA replication

Answer

Encode essential genes

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Question 6

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 7

What is the correct description of DNA's structure?

Accepted Answer

Two strands connected by hydrogen bonds between base pairs.

Answer

A single strand of nucleotides.

Answer

A sugar-phosphate backbone inside the double helix.

Question 8

Which nitrogenous base is absent from the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Question 9

Which statement accurately describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds hold together the two strands of DNA.

Answer

DNA is made up of a single strand of nucleotides.

Answer

All cells have the same DNA base sequence.

Answer

DNA is only found in the cell nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate application of DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Genetic testing

Answer

Forensics

Answer

Biotechnology

Question 11

Which of the following accurately depicts the structure of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A double helix consisting of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides

Answer

A solitary chain of nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds

Answer

A circular structure with nucleotides arranged in a specific order

Answer

A linear structure with nucleotides arranged randomly

Question 12

Identify the complementary base pairing partner for cytosine:

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Uracil

Question 13

Which enzyme facilitates the unwinding of the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Question 14

Describe the primary function of nitrogenous bases within DNA:

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Providing structural integrity to the molecule

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 15

Which of the following is not a distinct type of DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

C-DNA

Answer

A-DNA

Answer

B-DNA

Answer

Z-DNA

Question 16

What is the term for the process where DNA is transcribed into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 17

What is the primary function of histones in relation to DNA?

Accepted Answer

Condensing DNA into chromatin

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Protecting DNA from damage

Answer

Facilitating DNA replication

Question 18

The distinctive structure of DNA underpins its crucial functions. Which of the following accurately describes the interdependence between DNA structure and its functions?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines its genetic information, which can be faithfully replicated and transcribed.

Answer

The double helix structure allows DNA to store genetic information but hinders its replication.

Answer

Base pairing rules enable DNA to encode genetic information but prevent its transcription into RNA.

Answer

The sugar-phosphate backbone provides structural support to DNA but does not contribute to genetic information storage.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Question 20

What is the structural shape of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Triple helix

Answer

Single helix

Question 21

What is the complementary base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

Answer

A-G, T-C

Answer

C-A, G-T

Answer

A-C, T-G

Question 22

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 23

What is the primary function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 24

What are the three main types of RNA involved in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Answer

DNA, RNA, Protein

Answer

tRNA, rRNA, mRNA

Question 25

Which type of mutation involves the replacement of one nucleotide with another?

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Question 26

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It specifies the order of amino acids in proteins.

Answer

It determines the structure of DNA.

Answer

It controls the rate of transcription.

Question 27

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Microarray analysis

Answer

DNA sequencing