Master Genetic Variation: Enhance Your Understanding of Genetic Differences

Question 1

Improved: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is an example of which type of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Chromosome aberration

Answer

Copy number variation

Question 2

Improved: A genetic variation that occurs in a gene is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

SNP

Answer

CNV

Answer

Structural variation

Question 3

Improved: Which of the following is a characteristic of genetic variation that is not always true?

Accepted Answer

Always has a phenotypic effect

Answer

Can be inherited

Answer

Can be acquired

Answer

Can be neutral

Question 4

Which statement accurately describes the impact of germline and somatic mutations?

Accepted Answer

Germline mutations influence inherited traits, while somatic mutations do not.

Answer

Somatic mutations influence inherited traits, while germline mutations do not.

Answer

Both germline and somatic mutations influence inherited traits.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic variation commonly studied in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygosity

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Chromosomal abnormality

Question 6

A single nucleotide change in a DNA sequence is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Chromosomal inversion

Answer

Duplication

Question 7

A common genetic variant, present in more than 1% of a population, is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Common variant

Answer

Rare variant

Answer

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Answer

Haplotype

Question 8

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities involves the loss of a chromosomal segment?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Answer

Inversion

Answer

Translocation

Answer

Duplication

Question 9

The scientific field that studies genetic variation within and between populations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Population genetics

Answer

Molecular genetics

Answer

Cytogenetics

Answer

Comparative genomics

Question 10

The Human Genome Project was a significant global initiative undertaken to:

Accepted Answer

Sequence the entire human genome

Answer

Identify all human genes

Answer

Develop new gene therapies

Answer

Study the genetic basis of human diseases

Question 11

The specialized field that explores genetic variation in relation to human health is called:

Accepted Answer

Medical genetics

Answer

Pharmacogenetics

Answer

Bioinformatics

Answer

Genomics

Question 12

Which technique is best suited for identifying small-scale genetic variations, like single nucleotide substitutions and insertions/deletions?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 13

Which chromosomal abnormality is characterized by the reversal of a chromosome segment's orientation?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Duplication

Answer

Translocation

Question 14

How does genetic counseling assist in alleviating the psychological and emotional impact of genetic variations?

Accepted Answer

Offers emotional support, coping mechanisms, and guidance in navigating challenges related to genetic variations

Answer

Provides information solely on the medical implications of genetic conditions

Answer

Prescribes medications to manage psychological distress

Answer

Conducts genetic testing to confirm diagnoses

Question 15

Which of the following best exemplifies the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination based on genetic information brought about by the accessibility of genetic testing.

Answer

The fact that genetic variation is a major factor contributing to the diversity of life on Earth.

Answer

Our understanding of the genetic basis of diseases has improved through research on genetic variation.

Answer

Genetic variation is a neutral occurrence that has no bearing on human society.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic variation studied in the Genetic Variation Unit?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic changes

Answer

Mutations

Answer

Polymorphisms

Answer

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 17

Which of the following is a common type of mutation that involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base?

Accepted Answer

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Duplication

Question 18

Which of the following consequences of genetic variation can lead to observable changes in an individual's traits?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutations

Answer

Silent mutations

Answer

Intronic mutations

Answer

Synonymous mutations

Question 19

Which of the following is a chromosomal abnormality that results in an additional copy of a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy

Answer

Monosomy

Answer

Translocation

Answer

Inversion

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes a substitution mutation?

Accepted Answer

Replaces one nucleotide base pair with another.

Answer

Deletes a nucleotide base pair from the DNA sequence.

Answer

Inserts a nucleotide base pair into the DNA sequence.

Question 21

What is the primary cause of spontaneous mutations occurring in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Errors during DNA replication.

Answer

Inherited from parents.

Answer

Exposure to environmental toxins.

Answer

Exposure to viral infections.

Question 22

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities involves the addition of an extra copy of a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy.

Answer

Deletion.

Answer

Translocation.

Answer

Inversion.

Question 23

What is the term for a genetic variant that is found in a population with a frequency greater than 1%?

Accepted Answer

Polymorphism.

Answer

Mutation.

Answer

Aneuploidy.

Answer

Deletion.

Question 24

What is the significance of genetic variation in the context of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Supplies the raw materials for natural selection to act upon.

Answer

Solely prevents genetic drift.

Answer

Exclusively prevents the development of genetic disorders.

Answer

Solely causes the development of genetic diseases.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide that disrupts the reading frame of the gene.

Answer

Substitution of a single nucleotide.

Answer

Inversion of a segment of DNA.

Question 26

What is the term for a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation.

Answer

Splice-site mutation.

Answer

Nonsense mutation.

Answer

Missense mutation.

Question 27

Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Enhances adaptability to changing environmental conditions.

Answer

Solely eliminates the development of genetic disorders.

Answer

Exclusively reduces susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Answer

Exclusively enhances physical strength.

Question 28

What is the term for a region of DNA that does not code for any proteins?

Accepted Answer

Intron.

Answer

Promoter.

Answer

Terminator.

Answer

Exon.