Overview of Innate Immunity: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Define inflammation and explain its role in the innate immune response.

Accepted Answer

Inflammation is a localized, non-specific response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. It is a crucial part of the innate immune response, helping to recruit immune cells, eliminate pathogens, and start tissue repair.

Answer

Inflammation is a specific response to viral infection only.

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Inflammation is always harmful to the host.

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Inflammation does not involve the activation of immune cells.

Question 2

How do phagocytic cells directly eliminate pathogens during innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

By engulfing and destroying pathogens using reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptides.

Answer

By releasing antimicrobial peptides.

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By activating the complement system to form pores on pathogens' surfaces.

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By releasing cytokines to attract other immune cells to the infection site.

Question 3

How do physical barriers, like the skin and mucous membranes, contribute to innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They form a physical barrier and release antimicrobial substances.

Answer

They activate the adaptive immune response.

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They produce cytokines to attract immune cells.

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They engulf and destroy pathogens.

Question 4

Innate and adaptive immunity are two distinct defense mechanisms of the immune system. Analyze and compare their key characteristics and differences.

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides rapid, non-specific defense, while adaptive immunity is slower but more specific.

Accepted Answer

The complement system is a component of innate immunity, while antibodies are part of adaptive immunity.

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Adaptive immunity is present at birth, while innate immunity develops later in life.

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Innate immunity involves antigen recognition, while adaptive immunity does not.

Question 5

How do dendritic cells contribute to innate immunity and bridge the gap to adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immune responses.

Answer

Dendritic cells directly kill pathogens with antimicrobial peptides.

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Dendritic cells engulf and destroy foreign particles.

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Dendritic cells release cytokines to attract other immune cells.

Question 6

How do innate immune cells cooperate with adaptive immune cells to initiate and sustain effective immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Innate immune cells activate and present antigens to adaptive immune cells, which then mount a targeted immune response.

Answer

Adaptive immune cells suppress innate immune cells to prevent excessive inflammation.

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Innate immune cells provide complete protection against pathogens, making adaptive immune cells unnecessary.

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Adaptive immune cells independently recognize and eliminate pathogens without the aid of innate immune cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier of innate immunity that prevents pathogens from entering the body?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Skin

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Tears

Question 8

Which type of immunity is characterized by rapid, non-specific responses that provide immediate defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

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Adaptive immunity

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Cellular immunity

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Humoral immunity

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of innate immune cell?

Accepted Answer

Killing virus-infected cells

Answer

Producing antibodies

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Activating complement

Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which type of interferon is primarily produced in response to viral infections and has antiviral effects?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

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Type III

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Type IV

Question 11

Interferons inhibit viral replication primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking mRNA translation

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Activating the complement system

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Stimulating antibody production

Question 12

Which of the following is a key feature of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response

Accepted Answer

Involves phagocytosis

Answer

Recognition of specific pathogens

Question 13

Which of the following is **NOT** a physical barrier of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Skin

Question 14

Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for triggering inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Complement proteins

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Interferons

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Antibodies

Question 15

Which of the following is a key characteristic of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate but non-specific response

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Recognition of self vs. non-self molecules

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Ability to adapt and improve over time

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Delayed but specific response

Question 16

What is the primary role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Answer

Regulation of inflammation

Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 17

Which of the following is a mechanism of complement-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization of pathogens

Answer

Activation of T cells

Answer

Inhibition of inflammation

Answer

Neutralization of viruses

Question 18

What is the primary function of interferon in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of viral replication

Answer

Enhancement of inflammation

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Activation of macrophages

Question 19

Which of the following is **NOT** a benefit of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Provides long-lasting protection against specific pathogens

Answer

Provides a rapid response to infection

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Prevents infections from becoming severe

Question 20

What is the key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is specific and delayed.

Answer

Innate immunity is based on antibodies, while adaptive immunity is based on cell-mediated mechanisms.

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Innate immunity is specific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is non-specific and delayed.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier that contributes to innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Answer

Stomach acid

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Skin

Question 22

Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Complement

Answer

Prostaglandin

Answer

Interferon

Question 23

What is a key characteristic of natural killer (NK) cells in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill virus-infected cells and some tumor cells.

Answer

They engulf and digest pathogens.

Answer

They present antigens to T cells.

Answer

They produce antibodies.

Question 24

Which cytokine plays a central role in initiating and regulating the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

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Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Question 25

Which type of innate immune receptor recognizes conserved molecular patterns commonly found on pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Toll-like receptor

Answer

T cell receptor

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B cell receptor

Answer

Fc receptor

Question 26

What is one of the primary functions of fever in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits the growth of some bacteria and viruses.

Answer

Enhances the efficiency of phagocytosis.

Answer

Stimulates the production of antibodies.

Question 27

What is a key advantage of innate immunity over adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity offers a rapid response to threats, providing immediate protection.

Answer

Innate immunity provides long-term protection against specific pathogens.

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Innate immunity can adapt to new pathogens more effectively.

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Innate immunity is highly specific, recognizing a wide range of pathogens.